Di-tert-Butyl 2,2′-[2,2′-methyl­enebis(naphthalene-2,1-diyldi­oxy)]diacetate

In the title compound, C33H36O6, two naphthalene ring systems are connected through a methyl­ene linkage [C—C—C = 114.9 (2)°]; the ring systems are aligned at an angle of 76.5 (1)°. Of the two –O–CH2–C(=O)–C(CH3)3 substituents, one adopts an extended conformation whereas the other is U-shaped. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming supra­molecular chains running along the c axis

Bis[5-chloro-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl­oxy)phen­yl]methane

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C19H14Cl2O2, has two benzene rings connected to a methyl­ene C atom, and the rings are aligned at 66.3 (1)°. Inter­molecular C—H⋯π and π–π stacking inter­actions are observed in the crystal structure, the centroid–centroid distances between parallel benzene rings being 3.7529 (12) and 3.6201 (12) Å, respectively

tert-Butyl 2-(4-nitro­phen­oxy)acetate

In the title mol­ecule, C12H15NO5, the nitro­phen­oxy portion is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.034 Å) and makes an angle of 84.8 (1)° with respect to the –CH2–C(=O)–O–C fragment. In the crystal, π–π stacking is observed between nearly parallel benzene rings of adjacent mol­ecules, the centroid–centroid distance being 3.6806 (10) Å. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Diethyl 2,2′-(biphenyl-2,2′-diyldi­oxy)diacetate

In the title compound, C20H22O6, the mean planes through the benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 59.82 (7)° with each other. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions together with π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.830 (1) Å] between benzene rings are observed in the crystal packing

An Investigation of the Major Wheat Weeds in Different Zones of Dera Ismail Khan

On account of huge yield losses, weed infestation is a serious threat in wheat crops throughout the country. A comprehensive survey to find out the major weeds in wheat in Dera Ismail Khan was carried out during the crop season of 2012-13. Wheat fields at seed farms of Rakhmanghan, RakhZandani, Rata Kulachi and adjacent farmer’s fields to each seed farm were investigated. Data was collected at the peak growth stage of weeds and the quadratic method was used to record relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and importance value index (IVI). The results revealed that the major and most problematic weed of wheat at all the locations was Avena fatua (wild oat) on account of having maximum IVI at Rakh Manghan (78.51 & 77.44), Rata Kulachi (77.82 & 77.54) and Rakh Zandani (77.51 & 77.53) seed Farms and Farmer’s fields respectively. Rumex dentatus (dock) and Convolvulus arvensis (Lehli) were the second and third abundantly occurring weeds at almost all the seed farms and farmer fields on account of having the second and third highest IVI values at all the locations. Therefore Avena fatua (wildoat), Rumex dentatus (dock) and Convolvulus arvensis (lehli) seed were collected to find out the yield losses through further experimentation

Methyl (2′-hydroxy­biphenyl-2-yl­oxy)acetate

The three independent mol­ecules of the title compound, C15H14O4, have similar orientations of their aromatic rings, the dihedral angles between the rings being 57.0 (1), 58.1 (1) and 58.2 (1)°. In each mol­ecule, the hydr­oxy group forms an intra­molecular hydrogen bond to the carbonyl O atom, forming an S(10) ring motif

Microdebrider Intracapsular Tonsillectomy: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy is a relatively recent surgical procedure used to treat various tonsil and adenoid disorders. Unlike traditional tonsillectomies, which involve the complete removal of the tonsils, this technique uses high-speed rotation to remove only the diseased tissue, allowing for more precise removal while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. This procedure has gained popularity in recent years due to its ability to reduce postoperative pain and allow for a quicker return to regular eating habits, especially in children with tonsillitis and sleep apnea. In this review, we aim to explore the efficacy, safety, and limitations of microdebrider intracapsular surgery in the management of otolaryngologic conditions.Methods: A preliminary search was conducted on several databases to identify relevant articles on tonsillectomy. The study focused on keywords such as "microdebrider", "Coblation tonsillectomy", "intracapsular tonsillectomy", “conventional tonsillectomy” and "minimally invasive tonsillectomy" and included patients with recurrent and/or chronic tonsillitis and patients with tonsillar hypertrophy with symptoms of obstructive sleep troubles such as persistent snoring. Conclusion: Microdebrider Intracapsular tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure used for various conditions related to the tonsils, with less tissue removed than traditional tonsillectomy. It causes less pain, has a shorter recovery time, and has fewer complications. However, there is a small risk of tonsil regrowth and the need for an additional procedure. The decision on which method to use depends on the patient's medical history and the surgeon's recommendation, and it is essential to understand potential complications and seek medical attention promptly if needed

Bis[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-2-(prop-2-yn­yloxy)-5-(2,4,4-trimethyl­pentan-2-yl)phen­yl]methane

In the title compound, C47H54N6O2, the C—C—C bond angle between the rings is 108.40 (13)°. One aryl ring aligned at 38.5 (1)° with respect to the N-heterocyclic substituent and the other at 56.0 (1)° with respect to its substituent. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a chain extending along the a axis

Dimethyl 2,2′-({2,2′-methyl­enebis[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethyl­pentan-2-yl)-2,1-phenyl­ene]}di­oxy)diacetate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C47H58N6O6, comprises three independent mol­ecules, in one of which one tert-butyl group is disordered in a 1:1 ratio. The mol­ecule is a di(ar­yl)methane having two aliphatic and one N-heterocyclic substituent in each aryl ring. For the mol­ecule having the disordered tert-butyl group, the aryl rings make an angle of 115.3 (2)° at the methyl­ene carbon; one aryl ring is aligned at 42.0 (1)° with respect to the N-heterocyclic substituent and the other at 48.7 (1)° with respect to its substituent. The two ordered mol­ecules are disposed about a pseudo center of inversion. The pairs of twist angles in these two mol­ecules differ [52.7 (1) and 61.7 (1)°, and 29.1 (1) and 58.5 (1)°]

Confirmation of root-knot nematode resistant gene Rmi1 using SSR markers

Background: The Root Knot Nematode (RKN) is a serious economic threat to various cultivated crops worldwide. It is a devastating pest of soybean and responsible to cause severe yield loss in Pakistan. The cultivation of resistant soybean varieties against this pest is the sustainable strategy to manage the heavy loss and increase yield. There is an utmost need to identify RKN resistant varieties of soybean against cultivated in Pakistan. The presented study is an attempt to identify and confirm the presence of resistant gene Rmi1 in soybean. Method: Molecular studies have been done using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker system to identify resistant soybean varieties against Root Knot Nematode (RKN) using fifteen (15) indigenous cultivars and four (4) US cultivars. DNA was isolated, purified, quantified and then used to employ various SSR markers. The amplified product is observed using gel documentation system after electrophoresis.  Results: Diagnostic SSR markers Satt-358 and Satt-492 have shown the presence of Rmi1 gene in all resistance carrying genotypes. Satt-358 amplified the fragment of 200 bp and Satt-492 generated 232 bp bands in all resistant genotypes. This study confirmed the Rmi gene locus (G248A-1) in all internationally confirmed resistant including six (6) native varieties.Conclusion: These investigations have identified six (6) resistant cultivars revealing the effective and informative sources that can be utilized in breeding programs for the selection of RKN resistance soybean genotypes in Pakistan.