“Articulating cognizance about what to hide what not":Insights into why and when ethical leadership regulates employee knowledge-hiding behaviors

Given the dearth of research examining the distinctions across various facets of employee knowledge-hiding (KH) behaviors, there is little known about why and when leadership negatively influences playing dumb and evasive hiding but positively influences rationalized hiding. The present study fills this void by hypothesizing that employee justice orientation (JO) acts as a mediator of the associations of ethical leadership (EL) with different facets of employee KH behaviors. We also propose employee conscientiousness moderates the relationship of EL with JO and the indirect relationships of ethical leadership with distinct variants of employee KH behaviors. The results based on time-lagged data from 387 employees provide support for the hypothesized relationships. Together, our research provides a more nuanced account of the influence of leadership on employee KH behaviors that can facilitate the development of more appropriate interventions to deal with the intricate problems related to employee KH behaviors

“Articulating cognizance about what to hide what not":Insights into why and when ethical leadership regulates employee knowledge-hiding behaviors

Given the dearth of research examining the distinctions across various facets of employee knowledge-hiding (KH) behaviors, there is little known about why and when leadership negatively influences playing dumb and evasive hiding but positively influences rationalized hiding. The present study fills this void by hypothesizing that employee justice orientation (JO) acts as a mediator of the associations of ethical leadership (EL) with different facets of employee KH behaviors. We also propose employee conscientiousness moderates the relationship of EL with JO and the indirect relationships of ethical leadership with distinct variants of employee KH behaviors. The results based on time-lagged data from 387 employees provide support for the hypothesized relationships. Together, our research provides a more nuanced account of the influence of leadership on employee KH behaviors that can facilitate the development of more appropriate interventions to deal with the intricate problems related to employee KH behaviors

Does Voracious Behavior favor Efficient Market Hypothesis? Role of Performance Measures

Greed plays an important in the fluctuations of stock prices because investors want profits irrespective of the risk taken by them. This study aims to determine, whether, in times of rising trends in the market, greediness is good for the investor or not. Secondly, investors can get high profits by beating the market or not. The already formed deciles portfolios of listed companies on NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ based on size and book to market value are taken from the Kenneth R. French data library from Dec 1994 to Dec 2021. Sharpe, Treynor, and Sortino ratios are used as the measure of the performance of portfolios. Ordinal logistic regression is used to calculate the probability at different benchmark levels to determine, whether the investor gets the profit by beating the market or not. The results show that the investor who used the Sharpe ratio has an average 85% probability of getting a profit of more than 75% of the benchmark of S&P-500 in all periods. Thus, the investors’ greediness is good in the long run if the investor considers total risk and can beat the market. By using the Sortino and Treynor ratio, there is an average 50% probability of achieving the profit up to the benchmark which is S&P-500. This means that the investors are not able to beat the market thus, support the efficient market hypothesis by considering the downside and market risk

Technologies and solutions for location-based services in smart cities: past, present, and future

Location-based services (LBS) in smart cities have drastically altered the way cities operate, giving a new dimension to the life of citizens. LBS rely on location of a device, where proximity estimation remains at its core. The applications of LBS range from social networking and marketing to vehicle-toeverything communications. In many of these applications, there is an increasing need and trend to learn the physical distance between nearby devices. This paper elaborates upon the current needs of proximity estimation in LBS and compares them against the available Localization and Proximity (LP) finding technologies (LP technologies in short). These technologies are compared for their accuracies and performance based on various different parameters, including latency, energy consumption, security, complexity, and throughput. Hereafter, a classification of these technologies, based on various different smart city applications, is presented. Finally, we discuss some emerging LP technologies that enable proximity estimation in LBS and present some future research areas

A Marketplace for Efficient and Secure Caching for IoT Applications in 5G Networks

As the communication industry is progressing towards fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, the traffic it carries is also shifting from high data rate traffic from cellular users to a mixture of high data rate and low data rate traffic from Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Moreover, the need to efficiently access Internet data is also increasing across 5G networks. Caching contents at the network edge is considered as a promising approach to reduce the delivery time. In this paper, we propose a marketplace for providing a number of caching options for a broad range of applications. In addition, we propose a security scheme to secure the caching contents with a simultaneous potential of reducing the duplicate contents from the caching server by dividing a file into smaller chunks. We model different caching scenarios in NS-3 and present the performance evaluation of our proposal in terms of latency and throughput gains for various chunk sizes

Antimicrobial Resistance

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) pose an emerging threat to public health sector worldwide. They are one of the potent nosocomial pathogens and cause variety of infections including pneumonia, septicaemia, wound infections, urinary tract infections and catheter-associated infections. From the last two decades, these pathogens are becoming more powerful due to the acquisition of resistomes on different types of plasmids and transposons. There are four main mechanisms of antibacterial resistance such as efflux pump, target alteration, membrane permeability and notably enzymes hydrolysis. K. pneumoniae produce different types of enzymes but most importantly extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing isolates displayed resistance not only against the β-lactam drugs (penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems) but also to other classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides and quinolones). Therapeutic options available to treat serious infections caused by these extensively drug-resistant pathogens are limited to colistin, tigecycline and fosfomycin. Hence, combination therapy has also been recommended to treat such bacteria with clinical side effects, therefore, new treatment regime must be required. Moreover, we are relying on conventional diagnostic tools, however, novel techniques must be required for robust identification of multi-drug-resistant bacteria

Hurdles in Vaccine Development against Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and young children worldwide and also forms a serious threat for the elderly. Vaccination could significantly relieve the burden of the RSV disease. However, unfortunately there is no licensed vaccine available so far. This is partly due to disastrous outcome of a clinical trial of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) in children in 1960s; leading to enhanced respiratory disease upon natural infection. These findings contributed significantly to the delay of RSV vaccine development. Other key obstacles in development of RSV vaccine such as a peak of severe disease at 2–3 months of age, challenging biochemical behavior of key vaccine antigens and dependence on animal models that may not truly reflect human disease processes. These challenges could be overcome through maternal immunization, structure-based engineering of vaccine antigens, the design of a novel platform for safe infant immunization, and the development of improved animal models. Currently, several vaccine candidates are in pre-clinical and clinical trials targeting the diverse age groups; young children or older adults from the infection or can reduce incidence, mortality and morbidity among the RSV infected individuals

Role of Gum Chewing After Small Gut Anastomosis

This study was performed to access the effectiveness of gum chewing on gut motility in early postoperative period after small gut anastomosis in patients operated for reversal of ileostomy or ileocolostomy. Methods: This prospective, randomized trial was undertaken at Surgical Unit-I, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from March 2016 to March 2018. 90 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. All patients underwent small gut anastomosis after reversal of ileostomy or ileocolostomy. In group A (gum chewing group), patients were advised to chew gum, whereas group B (control group) patients did not received any gum for chewing and continued standard post-operative care. Both groups were kept NPO till 2nd post-operative day. After surgery, all patients were observed for onset of bowel sounds, time after surgery when flatus and stool were passed, time required for return of appetite and discharge from hospital. Patient satisfaction with postoperative course, incidence of anastomotic leak, wound infection and mortality was also recorded in both groups. Results : Statistically, group A and group B were similar in age, gender and type of procedure. There was significant difference between both groups for onset of bowel sounds, passage of first flatus, complaints of nausea and vomiting, appetite, duration of hospital stay and patient’s satisfaction level (P < 0.05). In Group A, 35 patients were satisfied whereas in group B, only 5 patients were happy with their postoperative course (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for incidence of anastomotic leak, wound infection and mortality. Conclusion: It is safe and cost effective to advise gum chewing in patients undergoing small gut anastomosis for reducing duration of postoperative ileus and improving level of patient satisfaction about their postoperative course. Keywords: Postoperative ileus, Ileostomy, Anastomotic leak, Surgical site infection &nbsp