Experimental realization of universal quantum gates and six-qubit state using photonic quantum walk

Controlled quantum walk forms the basis for various quantum algorithm and quantum simulation schemes. Though theoretical proposals are also available to realize universal quantum computation using quantum walks, no experimental demonstration of universal set of gates has been reported. Here we report the experimental realize of universal set of quantum gates using photonic quantum walk. Taking cue from the discrete-time quantum walk formalism, we encode multiple qubits using polarization and paths degree of freedom for photon and demonstrate realization of universal set of gates with 100\% success probability and high fidelity, as characterised by quantum state tomography. For a 3-qubit system we encode first qubit with $H$ and $V-$polarization of photon and path information for the second and third qubit, closely resembling a Mach-Zehnder interference setup. To generate a 6-qubit system and demonstrate 6-qubit GHZ state, entangled photon pairs are used as source to two 3-qubit systems. We also provide insights into the mapping of quantum circuits to quantum walk operations on photons and way to resourcefully scale. This work marks a significant progress towards using photonic quantum walk for quantum computing. It also provides a framework for photonic quantum computing using lesser number of photons in combination with path degree of freedom to increase the success rate of multi-qubit gate operations.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Tomography figures for all gate operations are available upon reques

PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE TOPICAL GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA

Objective: To formulate and evaluate propranolol hydrochloride topical gel for overcoming the limitations and low oral bioavailability associated with conventional therapy. Methods: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gels were prepared by the cold mechanical method. The preliminary evaluation and further characterisation studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies was also assessed. Results: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gel was successfully prepared. The in vitro release of optimized topical propranolol hydrochloride gel formulation (G2) showed the highest cumulative percentage drug release that is, 95.55%±0.15 after 7.5 h. (G2) the formulation showed a higher flux value of 4.61μg/cm2/h. The histopathological study using pig skin revealed that the optimized formulation was found to be safe for topical application. Conclusion: The formulated topical gel containing propranolol Hydrochloride seems to be a promising dosage form for enhanced skin delivery of propranolol hydrochloride in treating Infantile Hemangioma

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Impact of crystalline defects and size on X-ray line broadening: A phenomenological approach for tetragonal SnO2 nanocrystals

Nanocrystalline tin oxide (SnO2) powders with different grain size were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The reaction was carried out by varying the period of hydrolysis and the as-prepared samples were annealed at different temperatures. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy. The microstrain and crystallite size were calculated for all the samples by using Williamson-Hall (W-H) models namely, isotropic strain model (ISM), anisotropic strain model (ASM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The morphology and particle size were determined using TEM micrographs. The directional dependant young’s modulus was modified as an equation relating elastic compliances (sij) and Miller indices of the lattice plane (hkl) for tetragonal crystal system and also the equation for elastic compliance in terms of stiffness constants was derived. The changes in crystallite size and microstrain due to lattice defects were observed while varying the hydrolysis time and the annealing temperature. The dependence of crystallite size on lattice strain was studied. The results were correlated with the available studies on electrical properties using impedance spectroscopy

Essential oil composition of Gliricidia sepium (Leguminosae) leaves and flowers

1359-1360Forty two known compounds have been found in the leaves and flowers of Gliricidia sepium. Of these, sixteen have been identified and quantified from the leaf essential oil by GC and twenty six have been identified and quantified from the flower essential oil by GC-MS analysis. The major compounds of the leaf oil are found to be propyleneglycol (25.1%), coumarin (18.2%), (Z)-3-hexenol] (17.7%), β-farnesene (14.2%) and (E)-2-hexenol (6.5%); and coumarin (43.1%), hydroquinone (21.6%) and myrtenol (12.7%) in the flower oil. In the light of the toxicity of coumarin and hydroquinone, this finding is a warning signal against the use of the leaves as fumigant against mosquitoes and the flower as a food material

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrochlore-Type Praseodymium Stannate Nanoparticles: An Effective Electrocatalyst for Detection of Nitrofurazone Drug in Biological Samples

Apart from perovskites, the development of different types of pyrochlore oxides is highly focused on various electrochemical applications in recent times. Based on this, we have synthesized pyrochlore-type praseodymium stannate nanoparticles (Pr2Sn2O7 NPs) by using a coprecipitation method and further investigated by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Followed by this, we have designed a unique and novel electrochemical sensor for nitrofurazone detection, by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the prepared Pr2Sn2O7 NPs. For that, the electrochemical experiments were performed by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The Pr2Sn2O7 NPs modified GCE exhibits high sensitivity (2.11 μA μM−1 cm−2 ), selectivity, dynamic linear ranges (0.01−24 μM and 32−332 μM), and lower detection limit (4 nM). Furthermore, the Pr2Sn2O7 NPs demonstrated promising real sample analysis with good recovery results in biological samples (human urine and blood serum) which showed better results than the noble metal catalysts. Based on these results, the present work gives clear evidence that the pyrochlore oxides are highly suitable electrode materials for performing outstanding catalytic activity toward electrochemical sensors

Integration of silicon-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds with an optical nanofiber

We experimentally demonstrate the integration of silicon-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds (SiV-NDs) with an optical nanofiber (ONF). We grow SiV-NDs on seed NDs dispersed on a quartz substrate using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. First, we search and characterize SiV-NDs on a quartz substrate using an inverted confocal microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Subsequently, we pick up SiV-NDs from the quartz substrate and deposit them on the surface of a free-standing ONF using the AFM tip. The fluorescence emission spectrum, photon count rate, and intensity correlations for SiV-NDs are systematically measured.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Sr- and Fe-substituted LaMnO3 Perovskite: Fundamental insight and possible use in asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor

International audienceThe symmetry or structural stability of ABO(3)-type perovskite oxides depends largely on the size of 'A' and 'B' cations, which determines the material properties. The partial substitution of these cations may be used to tune these properties. The ionic sizes and valence states of the cations play an important role in improving the properties of perovskite. In this study, the substitution of La3+ with Sr2+ with a larger ionic radius and Mn3 + with Fe(3+& nbsp;)with a similar ionic radius favored both the crystal symmetry and the mixed ionic-electronic conductivity of the perovskite. Electrodes based on La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 (LSMFO55) exhibited a faradaic behavior with a specific capacity of 330 C g(-1) (92 mAh g(-1)) at 12C rate, while this electrode maintained a capacity of 259 C g(-1) at 240C (charge or discharge in 15 s). Additionally, exohedral carbon nano-onions (CNO) were introduced as a negative electrode to design an asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor (AHS) with a widened cell voltage. The use of CNO as a negative electrode in the AHS improved the rate capability drastically compared to the use of rGO. This device maintained a good energy density even at an extra-high charging rate (600C) owing to its outstanding rate capability. The high-rate performance of the LSMFO55//CNO AHS can be elucidated by successful fabrication with a mixed ionic-electronic conductive positive electrode and a CNO negative electrode. Tuning the electronic and ionic conductivities by cationic substitution and adopting an appropriate carbon-derived negative electrode (such as CNO) can provide a practical high-rate hybrid device using various perovskites