Quercetin: A natural compound for ovarian cancer treatment

Ovarian cancer is the main cause of death among all reproductive cancers in females. In 2018, ovarian cancer was the seventh most common cancer of women entire the world. A wide variety of molecular and genetic alterations as well as different response to therapies in the different types of ovarian cancer lead to problems in design a common therapeutic strategy. Besides, ovarian cancer cells have tendency to acquire resistance to common cancer treatments through multiple mechanisms. Various factors, including cytokines, growth factors, proteases, adhesion molecules, coagulation factors, hormones and apoptotic agents have been examined to find effective cancer treatment. Phytochemicals have been indicated to have great potential anti-cancer properties against various types of cancers. Quercetin is one of the phytochemicals that exists extensively in daily foods. Wide evidences revealed that quercetin is able to inhibit various types of cancers including breast, lung, nasopharyngeal, kidney, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studied conducted to evaluate cytotoxic effects of quercetin on ovarian cancer. Since quercetin does not harm healthy cells and it is cytotoxic to cancer cells via various mechanisms, researchers suggest that it could be an ideal agent for ovarian cancer treatment or an adjuvant agent in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. Thus, in this review, we focused on chemo-preventive and curative attitude of quercetin for ovarian cancer and summarize some of the most recent findings which regard the possible molecular mechanisms by which this natural compound inhibits this cancer. © 2019 The Author(s)

Effect of Aircraft Wheel Load and Configuration on Runway Damages

According to the growing trend of aircraft industry, a variety of different aircrafts exist in the market which varies in types of use, geometric shape of the wheels and main gear configuration. In this paper, we used LEDFAA software for research about effect of Airbus and Boeing gear configuration on runways rigid and flexible pavement. Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF has been calculated for Airbus and Boeing aircrafts in this research as well. Also for validation of this numerical study, CDF curves were drawn by using FAARFIELD software. The effect of gear configuration and lateral distance from centerline of runway were evaluated and critical zones of runway were detected. This paper confirms AC150/5320-16 about B-777; that canceled airport pavement design in mixed trac for the Boeing 777 Airplane. In other hand, among Airbus group aircrafts A-340-500/600 have the most damage factor contribution on flexible and rigid pavements

Hotspot Location Identification Using Accident Data, Traffic and Geometric Characteristics

Determining the criterion for critical limits is always one of the essential challenges for traffic safety authorities. The purpose of identifying accident hotspots is to achieve high-priority locations in order to effectively allocate the safety budgets as well as to promote more efficient and faster safety at the road network level. In recent years, human, vehicle, road and environment have been recognized as the three main effective elements of the road transportation in the occurrence of accidents. In the present study, with combining the parameters related to accidents, geometric parameters of the accident location and traffic parameters, hotspots were identified by using the superior methods of Poisson regression and negative binomial distribution and based on the combined criteria of frequency and severity of accidents and equivalent damage factors. Then using Time Series Models in ANN, result were compared and validated. The results of ANN models demonstrate that the frequency method of accidents tends toward places with high traffic volume. MATLAB and STATA software were used. Non-native plumbing, curvature, slope, section length and residential area had more significance, and their coefficients indicated the significant effect of these parameters on the occurrence of the frequency and severity of accidents in hotspot locations

Dynamic Analysis and Determination of Maximum Tensile Strain of Bottom Asphalt Concrete for Different Vehicle Velocities

Studying the stress, strain and deformation in pavement under traffic loads is one of the most important areas in pavement engineering. Tensile strain in the bottom of asphalt, leads to the most common type of failure (fatigue); therefore, it is an important parameter to be analyzed. In this study, the pavement structure has been analyzed and then for validation, the output in all elements and points were compared to the field results obtained from University of Pensylvania. The further studies were conducted by 3D program which indicated a good agreement with the results from field and the first finite element-based program. In static and quasi-static loadings, the maximum strain were observed exactly under the load center, while in dynamic loading, unexpectedly,themaximum value occurred behind the load center, and the distance increases by increase of vehicle velocity. This study includes the effect of load speed on tensile strain in asphalt sub-layer

Numerical Analysis of Concrete Block Pavements and Comparison of Its Settlement with Asphalt Concrete Pavements Using Finite Element Method

Regarding time consuming properties and complex intervention of layers and different materials, it is better to replace laboratory based design and analysis of pavements with quick and powerful software including finite element, finite reduction software and etc. Using finite element software ABAQUS, at first, the paper investigated effects of changes of concrete block thickness in vertical stress and it was validated with experimental results. Also, using this software, effect of asphalt concrete thickness change was studied in vertical strain. And finally, results of finite element model were validated, using experimental data. Regarding that finite element analysis is suitable for crust environments and concrete block pavement does not have such environment, this research tends to compare these two types of pavements, using mathematical equations to analyze settlement. To do this, first, two models were designed, one for concrete block pavement and the other one for asphalt concrete pavement. Subgrade and base layers' models were the same in geometrical point of view and types of materials, but thickness of asphalt and concrete block pavement layers and bedding sand changed, alternatively and based on the obtained relations and diagrams, there has been a chance to equate indices of these two types of pavements

Micro Simulation of the Elderly Population\u27s Effect on Iran\u27s Pedestrian\u27s Walking Flow

Since 1996 to 2006, Iran‟s population structure experienced considerable changes. During the mentioned period, the share of the population under 15 decreased from 39.6% to 28%. Considering this decrease, Iran‟s population was quickly guided to oldness which will have irreversible social and economical repercussions on the country‟s future progress. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effects of the elderly on the moving stream of the other pedestrians in Iran‟s sidewalks, which is done for the first time in Iran using the Micro-Simulation method. The Micro-Simulation model of pedestrians is a computerized simulation procedure in which the moving behavior of each pedestrian such as speed, path, and the direction is considered separately. According to the obtained results from this study, an increase in the percentage of the elderly population can lower the sidewalk\u27s level of service. Also, the decrease of the average motion speed and the free walking space for wider paths is not necessarily less than that of narrow paths; in a way that by increasing the width of a sidewalk, pedestrians‟ total average speed and the average walking space decrease up to a specific width and then, start to increase. This decrease in wider sidewalks is more than that in more narrow ones

Laboratory Evaluation of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Pavement Containing Silica fume and Carbon Nanotubes

Engineers and contractors strive to find the best type of concrete pavement for use in various conditions and applications due to poor performance of asphalt pavements in different climatic conditions, rapid erosion of pavement, poor durability and change in performance characteristics during operation and being non-economic during the period of operation compared to concrete pavements, and not being consistent with the sustainable development principles due to the use of oil-based adhesives. The most common use for portland cement is in the production of concrete that has led to production of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, and global warming has been one of its consequences. More attention has been paid to alkali-activated concrete pavement as a solution because of these effects. The present study has investigated the behavior of alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete pavement containing silica fume and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). For this purpose, silica fume and CNTs were used as additive for active alkali slag concrete, respectively. The flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, chloride ion charge passed and durability against freeze-thaw cycles was decreased and water penetration was increased by adding silica fume and the use of CNTs in concrete has increased flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, chloride ion charge passed and durability against freeze-thaw cycles and decreased water penetration. The addition of CNTs should have an optimum amount of 5%, so that the mechanical properties and durability of concrete will be decreased by adding more of this additive. The best mix design is for alkali activated slag carbon nanotubes (AASN5) sample, the properties of flexural strength (9%), compressive strength (15%), tensile strength (15%) and chloride ion charge passed (38%) of the AASN5 sample have increased compared to AAS for 28-day curing and penetration (33%) and weight loss decreased after freeze-thaw cycle

Laboratory Investigation on Durability of Nano Clay Modified Concrete Pavement

Today, one can take a strategy to improve durability in concrete coatings by using modern materials, especially nano-materials. Nano clay is one of the nanoparticles that increases mechanical properties and strength in concrete. With respect to very rich deposits for clay sources in properties of concrete it seems necessary to conduct studies in this regard. Nano clay was utilized with percentages of 1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% in this study. The effects of both types of water curing and plastic cover curing were examined. The results indicate that using nano clay may increase compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength and reduce water penetration and absorption percentage. The best mix design belongs to replacement of 1wt% nano clay. Under water curing conditions in this mix design, rates of compressive strength (35%), flexural strength (31%) and tensile strength (34%) versus control specimen increased, while penetration (35%) and absorption percent (54%) were reduced. The mechanism, nano clay, therefore increases strength and durability in concrete in such a way that the existing Al2SiO5 in nano clay may involve in hydration process and reduce large crystals Ca(OH)2 and accelerate C–S–H gel formation. As a result, dense C–S–H gel is produced and cement mortar and paste will have a more compressed structure. Following the increase in quantity of nano clay up to 2wt% and 3wt%, it is added to the rates of compressive and flexural strengths versus control sample, but in nano clay specimen (1wt%), compressive and flexural and tensile strengths are reduced while water penetration and absorption percentage are increased. It was characterized by analysis on curing methods that showed water curing method was followed by higher strength and durability than in plastic cover curing technique