Impact of planned amniotomy on perinatal outcome: a randomized control trial

Background: O’Driscoll and Meagher (1968) introduced amniotomy as a component of active management of labour. Several institutions have implemented components of this management scheme with varying results. There is a risk of cord prolapse, variability in fetal heart rate, increased chances of ascending infection which may culminate in chorioamnionitis. As per certain studies, fetal outcome is similar in case of Amniotomy and spontaneous ruptured membranes. As source of great controversy, the active management of labor, as classically defined, is routinely misunderstood and misapplied in many clinical settings. Some previous randomized trials suggest Amniotomy as an effective and safe method for induction and augmentation of labour without altering rate of cesarean section while some disagree. Hence, the study was designed to evaluate the effect of amniotomy on perinatal outcome.Methods: As per the selection criteria, 250 women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancy with spontaneous onset of labour admitted in labour ward were enrolled in the study. All cases were randomized and allotted to either study group (ARM group) or control group (SRM group) equally according to random number table generated by computer. Women of study group offered amniotomy at 4cm dilatation of cervix. Before doing Amniotomy, fetal lie and presentation, engagement of head and fetal heart sounds were conformed. The results were then recorded.Results: Planned amniotomy is recommended where the clinician suspects fetal compromise as early detection of MSL in planned amniotomy improves the neonatal outcome. Planned amniotomy does not adversely affect the neonatal outcome in terms of low Apgar score at 5 min, neonatal resuscitation and NICU admission. The incidence of neonates born with MSL in planned amniotomy group is better as compared to neonates born with MSL in SRM group.Conclusions: T Planned amniotomy does not have any adverse effect on the perinatal outcome as compared to SRM group. The incidence of neonates born with MSL in planned amniotomy group is better as compared to neonates born with MSL in SRM group.

Water and conflict in Bombay Hotel, Ahmedabad : urban planning, governance and infrastructural violence

Abstract onlyThe causes, conditions and consequences of poor water access in Bombay Hotel locality, a predominantly Muslim informal settlement located in Ahmedabad’s southern periphery, are studied through the lens of urban violence and conflict. This is done by tracing the dynamics of urban planning and governance that have produced two interlinked types of infrastructural violence in the locality—municipal water denial and violent articulations of infrastructure by informal water providers—and the experiences of everyday conflict and violence that emerge in residents’ lives as a consequence. How conflicts and violence shape residents’ attempts to negotiate and attain better water access are also discussed

Vatwa resettlements sites : basic services and amenities; deprivations and infrastructural conflicts [Gujarati version]

English version available in IDRC Digital Librar

Vatwa resettlements sites : thefts, robberies and burglaries [Gujarati version]

English version available in IDRC Digital Librar

Vatwa resettlements sites : basic services and amenities; deprivations and infrastructural conflicts

Gujarati version available in IDRC Digital LibraryUniversal provision of adequate potable water, preferably at the individual house level is essential. Tensions arise when money has to be collected for repairs to communal water pipes and motors, caused by engineering flaws and mineral deposits. Collective payment of corridor light bills also causes conflict when lights continue to fail. Residents have no control over resources or the resettlement process. The already stressed livelihoods of many residents, and deprivations created by resettlement result in further conflicts fuelled by lack of water and sanitation, and social disruptions that make dialogue, cooperation and collective action difficult

Vatwa resettlements sites : illicit activities and goondagardi [Gujarati version]

English version available in IDRC Digital Librar

Vatwa resettlements sites : thefts, robberies and burglaries

Gujarati version available in IDRC Digital LibraryPlanning for resettlement should aim to preserve existing social networks and nurture collective bonds. This is important for the continuity of internal forms of social control that are necessary for controlling the locality space and activities in it. This policy brief traces the linkages of thefts, robberies and burglaries to four dimensions of urban planning and governance. The Centre for Urban Equity (CUE) research takes an expansive approach to violence, examining structural or indirect violence (material deprivation, inequality, exclusion), direct violence (direct infliction of physical or psychological harm), overt conflict and its links to violence and different types of crime

Vatwa resettlements sites : illicit activities and goondagardi

Gujarati version available in IDRC Digital LibraryThe displacement and resettlement at Vatwa has led to a proliferation of illicit businesses such as selling alcohol and drugs and running alcohol and gambling dens. There is also goondagardi (rougishness) around the running of these businesses, which leads to physical threats, fights and violence. Social disruptions lead to loss of internal social control. The built environment itself creates situations for negative opportunity. Thriving illicit activities and goondagardi are linked to the dynamics of urban planning and governance in various ways. City-level planning to reduce inequalities over the long term is of utmost importance

Vatwa resettlements sites : constrained mobility and stressed livelihoods [Gujarati version]

English version available in IDRC Digital Librar

Vatwa resettlements sites : constrained mobility and stressed livelihoods

Gujarati version available in IDRC Digital LibraryConstrained mobility and stressed livelihoods created by displacement and resettlement to sites like Vatwa is a form of structural violence inherent in the development paradigm adopted in Ahmedabad over the past decade. Distant relocation de-links people from their access to social amenities, given that peripheral locations in Indian cities inevitably lack these. Displacement should be minimized and development decisions made after thorough consideration of effects and the risks posed for vulnerable groups. Increased transport expenses and decreased livelihoods along with housing-related expenditures become drivers of conflict