Nurse-Patient Perception of Stressors in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery at Shahid Madani Teaching Hospital in Tabriz in 2011

Objective: Cardiac surgery due to its-associated stressors has the potential physiological, psychological, emotional, and spiritual consequences. Assessment of stressors needs to nurses and patients understanding these factors that are different from each other. The aim of this study was to determine nurse-patient perception of stressful factors in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive comparative study on patients who underwent CABG and were hospitalized at cardiac surgery wards between the third and fifth days after operation and also on nursing caregivers of these patients working in these wards. The Revised Cardiac Surgery Stressor Scale (RCSSS) was used for assessing related stressors after determining its reliability and validity. The data analysis was performed by SPSS and with descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percent, mean ± standard deviation) and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: According to overall mean RCSSS score, the perception of stressors in nurses was significantly higher than patients (2.38 ± 0.56 versus 1.65 ± 0.44) and the nurse-patient understanding was different for interpersonal, intrapersonal, and extra-personal stressors. Conclusion: According to the results, nurses can generally assess their patients in terms of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and extra-personal stressors and train them according to the needs of patients. It can help them to personal assessment of the patients and facilitate their adaptation

Precision measurements of A1N in the deep inelastic regime

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A1A1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized 3He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277≤x≤0.5480.277≤x≤0.548 at an average Q2Q2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c)2, doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a previous observation of anA1n zero crossing near x=0.5x=0.5. We find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in(Δd+Δd¯)/(d+d¯) up to x=0.548x=0.548

Stressors in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Attitudes of Nurses and Patients

Objective: Cardiac surgery is an important event an individual’s life and can cause the collapse of the economic, personal, and professional life of the person and impair their physical functioning. Fear, anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems may be experienced by the operated patient. Assessment of the causes of anxiety and stress requires the awareness of nurses and patients of these factors which differ from each other. The aim of this review study was to examine nurses' views regarding stressors of coronary artery bypass surgery. Materials and Methods: This research was a review study and was conducted by reviewing the literature related to this topic and also visiting the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and other authentic websites. Results: It is better that nurses and patients have an open relationship at any given time and nurses encourage the patients to speak about their anxiety. Evaluating patients’ perception of fear and anxiety may help identify patients at risk of substantial psychological stress. Conclusion: According to previous studies, in general, the assessment of individuals should be one of the goals of nursing care so that appropriate trainings can be provided according to the needs of patients and patients can be assisted in coping with stressors

Pain after Cardiac Surgery: A Review of the Assessment and Management

Objective: Surgery is among the causes of acute pain. One of the major problems of patients after surgical procedures is postoperative pain. Annually, millions of people throughout the world undergo surgery and experience different intensities of postoperative pain. Due to physiological changes and given the stability of the heart and lung, the management and control of pain is rarely considered as a priority in the care of patients after cardiac surgery. Cardiac surgical patients experience pain due to the surgical incision and between the ribs nerve injury created during the course of the surgery, and irritation and inflammation of the pleura by catheters. Control and management of pain in intensive care units (ICU) are the main tasks in nursing care. The purpose of this review study was the investigation, assessment, and management of pain in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: In this study, the literature available on Magiran, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were collected, and after reviewing, the relevant literature was studied. Results: Although pain is one of the major stressors in patients undergoing surgery, the measures taken for the treatment and care of these patients are associated with experiencing pain. In this regard, all the resources have emphasized the using of guidelines and tools to assess patients' pain. However, in cardiac surgery patients, sufficient attention is not paid to pain control. Patients reported poorly controlled pain and experiences of moderate to severe pain after surgery. Conclusion: Pain is a subjective experience, and in patients who cannot report their pain, it should be considered important. According to numerous studies, pain control is not performed in ICUs. Thus, efforts should be made for appropriate control and reduction of pain, use of valid methods to determine and control pain, and improvement of the quality of the programs

Nurse’s Perception of Stressors Associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Introduction: Cardiac surgery has many physiological, psychological, emotional, growth and spiritual potential consequences due to stress. Identifying and understanding the nature of stress can help nurses in controlling and reducing it. However, few studies have been conducted to identify the stressors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions of patients' stressors associated with coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: During a two month investigation, qualified nurses (n = 68) of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass were selected on the third to fifth day after surgery. With the use of Revised Cardiac Surgery Stressors Scale (RCSSS), interpersonal, intrapersonal and extrapersonal stressors were determined. Results: The findings showed that the most interpersonal, intrapersonal and extrapersonal stressors were; “the need to have cardiac surgery”, “death due to illness or surgery”, “needing assistance with various activities”, “doctors and nurses discussing about other patients”, “having chest tube” and “Payment of hospital and medical bills”. Conclusion: Identification of stressors in patients with coronary artery bypass graft helps nurses in taking better care of them. It would make a better ground for the officials and practitioners towards managing the stressors, especially interpersonal and extrapersonal stressors. Thereby patients are helped to cope with stressors

Dysrhythmias Induced by Streptokinase Infusion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted to Cardiac Care Units in the Northwest of Iran

Objective: Currently, the most common cause of death in the world is cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is caused by reducing or cutting off the blood supply to the heart muscle due to obstruction caused by the presence of plaque or thrombus. The first step for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is using thrombolytic drugs. By the analysis of plaque and removing the blockage, the blood flows to the affected area again. The most important thrombolytic agent is streptokinase; however, in addition to its therapeutic effect it also has some complications and by identifying them mortality and disability can be prevented. The present study aimed to investigate the most common arrhythmia after infusion of streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study. The study population included patients admitted to the cardiac care unit of Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, with a diagnosis of AMI from September 2012 until March 2014. Data were collected by using a checklist and the findings of the study were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Of the 116 hospitalized patients, 78 (67.5%) were male and 37 (32.5%) were female, and the largest percentage of infected patients was in the age group of 60-70 years [n = 38 (33%)]. Regarding cardiac risk factors, 57 (49%) of patients were hyperlipidemic, 36 (31%) were diabetic, 34 (30%) had high blood pressure, 25 (21%) were smokers, and 21 (18%) had a positive family history of cardiac problems. Patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of AMI, in 53 (46%) cases had streptokinase injection, and in 86 (74%) complications had occurred during drug injection; 87 (75%) patients had dysrhythmia and 29 (25%) had bleeding. Common dysrhythmia was premature ventricular contraction (PVC) with 90 (78.2%) cases. Moreover, 53 (46%) patients had slow ventricular tachycardia (VT), 18 (16%) had premature atrial contraction (PAC), and 5 (4%) had other arrhythmias. Mean of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was 604, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 565.4, creatine phosphokinase mb (CKmb) 58.2, and cardiac troponin I (CTNI) 8.7. Conclusion: By the timely referral of patients and knowledge of the nurses about complications of streptokinase, its side effects can be prevented

Patient’s Perception of Stressors Associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Introduction: Cardiac surgery, due to being associated with stressors, has many physiological, psychological, emotional, growths, and spiritual potential consequences. However, few studies have been conducted about identifying the stressors. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine patients’ perceptions of stressors associated with coronary artery bypass surgery.Methods: In this descriptive study during the two-month investigation, qualified patients for participation in the study (68 persons) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on the third to fifth postoperative day were selected and with using of Revised Cardiac Surgery Stressors Scale (RCSSS), interpersonal, intrapersonal, and extra personal stressors were determined.Results: The findings showed that intrapersonal stressors are perceived more than interpersonal and extra personal stressors by patients. In the analysis of data, the highest stressors were "pain and discomfort", "the need to have heart surgery", "death due to illness or surgery", "being away from home and work", "having chest tube".Conclusion: In this study the intrapersonal stressors were perceived more than interpersonal and extra personal stressors by patients, which nurses should put emphasis on identification and elimination of intrapersonal stressors based on the needs of patients

Strangeness physics programs by S-2S at J-PARC

In the K1.8 beam-line at Hadron Experimental Facility of J-PARC, a new magnetic spectrometer S-2S is being installed. S-2S was designed to achieve a high momentum resolution of Δp/p = 6 × 10−4 in FWHM. Several strangeness-physics programs which require the high resolution will be realized by S-2S. The present article introduces J-PARC E70 (missing-mass spectroscopy of Ξ12Be) and E94 (missing-mass spectroscopy of Λ7Li, Λ10B, and Λ12C) experiments

Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort

Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses