13 research outputs found

    Synthis and Phisical And Chemical; Properties of SiO[2]-B[2]O[3] and SiO[2]-P[2]O[5] Thin Film Systems and Powders

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    The SiO[2]-B[2]O[3] and SiO[2]-P[2]O[5] films were synthesized by using film forming solutions having a P[2]O[5] content of up to 30% and B[2]O[3] up to 40%. Properties of the filmforming solutions and binary oxides were examined. The physical and chemical processes occurring in the solution during the heat treatment of films were examined. The conditions for producing films of different thicknesses were determined. The kinetic parameters were calculated

    The Use of Video Materials for the Development of Inner Motivation in Learning Foreign Languages of University Students

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    Our research aims to distinguish the types of motivation that are especially significant for undergraduate students and how authentic video materials foster the development of these types of motivation. Sample for the research was 67 undergraduate students from two Moscow universities – from MRSU (31 students) and from RUDN (36 students). The experiment was carried out in the autumn term of the 2019-2020 academic year. In the course of the research, a survey of students was conducted to identify the most significant factors contributing to an increase in the motivation of learning activities. According to the results of the survey, for senior undergraduate students, the opportunity to plan their learning activities independently acquires the greatest value. The creation of a favourable emotional environment in the classroom and adequate assessment of students are important but not determining factors in the development of motivation. The implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies and psychological and pedagogical support of the learning process are equally important for the formation of motivation. As part of the study, authentic professional video materials were selected and techniques for working with them were developed. The developed materials can be used for teaching language for specific purposes in the areas of Pedagogy, Economics, and Management. Students note that the use of the foreign language being studied in real situations of professional communication is the leading motivational factor. The participation of students in the film making process encourages the development of social and communicative competencies, prepares them for future professional activity

    ΠšΠΠ’Π•Π“ΠžΠ Π˜Π― Π’Π•Π–Π›Π˜Π’ΠžΠ‘Π’Π˜ КАК Π—ΠΠ›ΠžΠ“ Π£Π‘ΠŸΠ•Π¨ΠΠžΠ™ Π”Π•Π›ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ™ КОММУНИКАЦИИ: Π›Π˜ΠΠ“Π’Π˜Π‘Π’Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π™ ΠΠ‘ΠŸΠ•ΠšΠ’ (НА ΠœΠΠ’Π•Π Π˜ΠΠ›Π• ΠΠ•ΠœΠ•Π¦ΠšΠžΠ“Πž И Π€Π ΠΠΠ¦Π£Π—Π‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž Π―Π—Π«ΠšΠžΠ’)

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    The article provides a linguistic analysis of the category of politeness as a condition for successful written business communication. In this connection, it’s important to understand that communicative intentions and their perception by an addressee are determined by a set of social, national and cultural norms adopted by the business community. The paper aims to compare linguistic means serving to express the category of politeness in written business communication in the German and French languages. The research material includes different types of business letters. The analysis indicates that the representatives of the two European cultures equally use more polite generalized forms in written business communication, even if in private communication, the communicants use informal ways of address.Настоящая ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна лингвистичСскому исслСдованию ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ вСТливости ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ письмСнной Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ связи с этим Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ намСрСния ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… восприятиС адрСсатом ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ, принятых Π² бизнСс-сообщСствС. ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся сравнСниС языковых срСдств, слуТащих для выраТСния ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ вСТливости Π² письмСнной Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ†ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ французском языках. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° послуТили ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… писСм. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ прСдставитСли Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… СвропСйских ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ Π² письмСнной Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ дистанцированныС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Ссли Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ собСсСдники ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ срСдства обращСния

    НСблагоприятныС Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² этиологии ортопСдичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ: Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ 6-Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° структуры ΠΈ рСзистСнтности Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ

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    Osteomyelitis remains one of the most intractable diseases. The nature of the pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics significantly affect the outcome and cost of treatment.The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of the leading pathogens of orthopedic infection for the period 2012– 2017.Material and methods. The structure of pathogens isolated from the focus of infection from 2774 patients with periprosthetic infection and chronic osteomyelitis was retrospectively analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of the leading pathogens that occupied more than 4% in the species structure was studied. Comparative analysis of changes in the spectrum of pathogens and antibiotic resistance was carried out for the periods 2012-2013, 2014–2015 and 2016-2017. Epidemiological analysis was performed in the program β€žmicrobiological monitoring system” Microbe-2. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Z-criterion.Results. From 2774 patients with orthopedic infection have been isolated 4359 strains, in the structure of which about 73.5% were occupied by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. representatives of the family Enterobacteriacea. In 27% of the cases, microorganisms of other species were identified. Microbial associations were identified in 19.4% of cases. In the structure of the leading Gram(+) pathogens, a significant decrease in the incidence of S. aureus was detected, while the share of S. epidermidis increased significantly. Among the leading Gram(-) microorganisms, a significant increase in the proportion of representatives of the fam. Enterobacteriacea was found, against the background of a decrease in the share of Acinetobacter sp. and P. aeruginosa. The level of resistance of MSSA to the studied antibiotics ranged from 0.1 to 8.8%, for MSSE the spread was from 1.9 to 16.7%. Negative dynamics of growth of resistance of non-fermenting bacteria is established. The strains of Acinetobacter sp. demonstrated greater resistance to tested antibiotics in comparison with P. aeruginosa.Conclusion. An increase in the role of S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae in the etiology of orthopedic infection was established. The revealed increase in the resistance of microbial pathogens to most tested and used antibiotics should be taken into account in the appointment of empirical antibiotic therapy. The extremely high frequency of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones excludes the possibility of their empirical use, which requires the management of carbapenems in the starting treatment regimens. High resistance to fluoroquinolones limits the ability of oral antibiotic therapy in patients with periprosthetic infection.Β ΠžΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎ настоящСго Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ остаСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· самых Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ возбудитСля ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° исход ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ лСчСния.ЦСль исслСдования β€” Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ спСктра ΠΈ рСзистСнтности ΠΊ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ортопСдичСской ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚-ассоциированной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2012–2017 Π³Π³.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. РСтроспСктивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° структура Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ‡Π°Π³Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 2774 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ хроничСским остСомиСлитом. Π‘Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ структурС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 4%. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· измСнСния спСктра Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ антибиотикорСзистСнтности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ 2012–2013, 2014–2015 ΠΈ 2016–2017 Π³Π³. ЭпидСмиологичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· выполняли Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ «БистСма микробиологичСского ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Β«ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±-2Β». БтатистичСская ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Z-критСрия.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠžΡ‚ 2774 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ортопСдичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ 4359 ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ², Π² структурС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… 73,5% Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. ΠΈ прСдставитСли сСм. Enterobacteriaceae. Π’ 27% случаях Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ассоциации ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² 19,4% случаСв. Π’ структурС Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ выявлСно Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС частоты выдСлСния S. aureus, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом сущСствСнно возросла доля S. epidermidis. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² выявлСно Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ прСдставитСлСй сСм. Enterobacteriaceae, Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Acinetobacter sp. ΠΈ P. aeruginosa. Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ рСзистСнтности MSSA ΠΊ исслСдуСмым Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ колСбался ΠΎΡ‚ 0,1 Π΄ΠΎ 8,8%, для MSSE разброс составил ΠΎΡ‚ 1,9 Π΄ΠΎ 16,7%. УстановлСна нСгативная Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° роста рСзистСнтности Π½Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Acinetobacter sp. дСмонстрировали Π±Γ³Π»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ тСстируСмым Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² сравнСнии с P. aeruginosa.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. УстановлСно ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ S. epidermidis ΠΈ K. pneumoniae Π² этиологии ортопСдичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ВыявлСнный рост устойчивости ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Ρƒ тСстируСмых ΠΈ примСняСмых Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² слСдуСт ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ эмпиричСской Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ высокая частота рСзистСнтности Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ цСфалоспоринам ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… эмпиричСского примСнСния, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ввСдСния ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² стартовыС схСмы Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Высокая ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ возмоТности ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
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