Drift effects on electromagnetic geodesic acoustic modes

A two fluid model with parallel viscosity is employed to derive the dispersion relation for electromagnetic geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) in the presence of drift (diamagnetic) effects. Concerning the influence of the electron dynamics on the high frequency GAM, it is shown that the frequency of the electromagnetic GAM is independent of the equilibrium parallel current but, in contrast with purely electrostatic GAMs, significantly depends on the electron temperature gradient. The electromagnetic GAM may explain the discrepancy between the $f\sim 40$ kHz oscillation observed in TCABR [Yu. K. Kuznetsov $\textit{et al.}$, Nucl. Fusion $\bf{52}$, 063044 (2012)] and the former prediction for the electrostatic GAM frequency. The radial wave length associated with this oscillation, estimated presently from this analytical model, is $\lambda_r\sim 25$ cm, i. e., an order of magnitude higher than the usual value for zonal flows (ZFs).Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur

Gender effects in young road users on road safety attitudes, behaviors and risk perception

In the present study, we investigated gender-related effects on road safety attitudes in 2681 young drivers (1458 males, 54.4%; aged 18-22) who filled out several scales assessing attitudes toward road safety issues, driving behavior in specific hypothetical situations, accident risk perception, and concerns about such a risk. We focused only on young drivers to better understand the role of gender in road safety attitudes in a period of life in which risky behaviors are widespread for males and females. Indeed, there is still no agreement as to the nature of these gender differences. According to some authors, the effects of gender on being involved in a crash due to driving skills are either non-existent or largely explained by differences in alcohol consumption. In our study, we found gender differences in road safety attitudes (i.e., "negative attitude toward traffic rules and risky driving"; "negative attitude toward drugs and alcohol" and "tolerance toward speeding") and in driver behavior (i.e., "errors in inattentive driving" and "driving violations"). This result is consistent in all drivers coming from nine different European countries. Our analyses yielded an important finding concerning risk perception. The results indicate that the level of risk perception during driving is the same for males and females. However, these two groups differ in the level of concern about this risk, with males being less concerned about the risk of a road accident. This suggests that the main difference between these two groups is not strictly related to judgment of the perceived risk probability but rather to the level of concern experienced about the consequences of the risk. This difference between risk perception and worry could explain differences in the frequency of car accidents in the two groups. The present findings may provide new insights for the development of gender-based prevention program

Occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during immunosuppressive treatment: a case report

Immunosuppressive therapy has been-until the recent release of new guidelines on diagnosis and management-the recommended treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, its efficacy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has always been a matter of debate

The Historical Significance of the Rivalry between Alamanni and Burgundians in the Fourth Century

Este trabajo pretende reflexionar respecto de los motivos subyacentes a la rivalidad entre alamanes y burgundios de la que dan cuenta las fuentes latinas. Para ello, realizaremos un estudio comparativo entre ambos pueblos con el fin de problematizar la interpretación tradicional según la cual el motivo de la discordia residiría en la diversidad de sus estructuras políticas.This work aims to reflect on the motives underlying the rivalry between Alamanni and Burgundians according to Latin sources. To do so, we propose to carry on a comparative study between both peoples in order to problematize the traditional interpretation according to which the reason for the conflict resided in the diversity of their respective political structures

Mindfulness-based stress reduction in patients with interstitial lung diseases: a pilot, single-centre observational study on safety and efficacy

open11siBackground Chronic, progressive respiratory symptoms are associated with great psychological and emotional impact in patients suffering from interstitial lung disease (ILD). This single-centre pilot study evaluated for the first time the safety, feasibility and efficacy of a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) in a group of patients with ILD. Methods Prospective observational study set in a university hospital ILD outpatient clinic. Nineteen patients with different ILDs were recruited 2 months prior to the start of the 8-week MBSR program and followed up for 12 months. Primary outcomes were program safety and feasibility, while secondary outcomes were changes in moods and stress (assessed by Profile Of Mood State (POMS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires), symptoms (Shortness Of Breath (SOB) and Cough And Sputum Assessment (CASA-Q) questionnaires), lung function and exercise tolerance at 12 months. Results Two patients (10.5%) dropped out in the observational period before the start of the MBSR intervention because of non-respiratory causes. All 17 patients who entered the 8-week MBSR program managed to complete it with an adherence average of eight sessions of nine. No adverse events related to the mindfulness training were reported. Statistically significant improvements in the POMS total score and in several individual items of POMS and PSS were observed throughout the study. However, respiratory questionnaire scores, lung function and exercise tolerance did not show a significant difference over time. Conclusions An MBSR program appears to be safe and feasible in patients with ILD, and might affect perceived moods and stress producing a positive and lasting improvement in several stress-related negative domains. These findings pave the way to larger (possibly multicentre), randomised, controlled confirmatory trials.openSgalla, Giacomo; Cerri, Stefania; Ferrari, Roberto; Ricchieri, Maria Pia; Poletti, Stefano; Ori, Margherita; Garuti, Martina; Montanari, Gloria; Luppi, Fabrizio; Petropulacos, Kyriakoula; Richeldi, LucaSgalla, Giacomo; Cerri, Stefania; Ferrari, Roberto; Ricchieri, Maria Pia; Poletti, Stefano; Ori, Margherita; Garuti, Martina; Montanari, Gloria; Luppi, Fabrizio; Petropulacos, Kyriakoula; Richeldi, Luc

El significado histórico de la rivalidad entre alamanes y burgundios en el siglo IV

Este trabajo pretende reflexionar respecto de los motivos subyacentes a la rivalidad entre alamanes y burgundios de la que dan cuenta las fuentes latinas. Para ello, realizaremos un estudio comparativo entre ambos pueblos con el fin de problematizar la interpretación tradicional según la cual el motivo de la discordia residiría en la diversidad de sus estructuras políticas.Fil: Sgalla Malla, Ítalo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Humanidades; Argentina

Sobre alamanes y burgundios en el siglo IV : una experiencia de trabajo internacional

El presente artículo de divulgación es un recuento de mi experiencia al investigar sobre las interacciones entre alamanes y burgundios en el siglo IV, mientras me desempeñaba como Ayudante alumno de la Cátedra de Historia medieval de la Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) entre los años 2020 y 2021. La finalidad de este texto es servirle a quienes se inician en el camino de la investigación, ya sea como estímulo o -en lo relativo a la modalidad de trabajo- para animarse a establecer intercambios con referentes internacionales y nacionales.Fil: Sgalla Malla, Ítalo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Humanidades; Argentina

Driving attitudes, behaviours, risk perception and risk concern among young student car-drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrians in various EU countries

The number of car crashes has gradually reduced in the last decade across all European Countries, but the number of motorcycle crashes has remained nearly the same. In our research we investigate whether there are differences in attitudes towards road safety issues, driving behaviours in specific imagined situations, risk perception and risk concern, among young student drivers and riders. The study involved a large sample taken from across six European countries. The results reveal that although there are no differences between motorcyclists and car drivers in their attitudes toward road safety rules, differences do appear when the road rules compliance is assessed in specific imagined situations, with motorcyclists reporting to be more prone than car-drivers to violations of traffic rules. Moreover, despite the perceived risk during driving is the same for motorcyclists and car-drivers, differences do appear on their concern about this risk, with motorcyclists reporting to be less concerned than car-drivers about the risk of a road crash. This could lead to a high probability of risky driving behaviour in motorcyclists than in car-drivers. Present findings have important practical implications for road safety training courses

Use of Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case Study

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Evaluation of graphic-pictorial characteristics and contents in the representation of legality

Abstract The present study examines how child drawers selectively use a set of potential expressive strategies in accordance with the nature of the topic being depicted. People leave in a world of signs and symbols that are verbal or gestural or, of a variety of other modalities, graphic. Through drawing, it is possible to represent memories, events, propositions, ideas, plans and also properties of the habitus or of the ethos. Several authors 1, 2, 3 have proposed that children"s drawings are often based on schemata, which seem to relate to the typical representation of the topic in question. This study lies within broader research into the perception of legality and into the relative effective communication modalities. Primary school pupils, aged 7-9 years, took part in the study to assess the graphic style, quality of shapes and colours, and the graphic accuracy of drawings focusing on the representation of legality