Evaluation of the immunity factors (THC, TPP, PO, SOD, POD) of shrimp fed with the algae Gracilaria corticata compared to shrimp fed without algae and exposed to white spot virus

White spot disease (WSD) is one of the shrimp deadliest viral diseases that causes heavy losses on all shrimp of Penaeid family. Most invertebrates are lacking adaptive immune system and its defense is the innate immune system that is as cellular and humoral, but a like immune system against white spot virus in shrimp was been detected. In this research, control and prevention of white spot disease in shrimp using algae Gracilaria corticata, investigated. About 300 vannamei shrimp were divided to 4 groups and fed by normal pellet and algae extract in 14 days. At the end of the fourteenth day half of the shrimp were challenged with acute white spot virus. After the fourteenth day in the days 0, 3, 9, 18 and 25 sampling were done from the hemolymph of survived shrimps and survival and immune factors were evaluated. Based on results, in the challenge test, shrimps that fed with algae extract has a significant survival rate than shrimp fed with commercial diet. Increased the Immune Factors from day one to day 25 observed during the test. Greatest amount of Immune Factors THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO in T1 group were observed in day 25 of tests. This situation was also true for group2 (T2), but its rate significantly was less than group 1(T1)

Growth and survival rates, mean weight, food conversion ratio and total harvest in cultured Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran

To introduce Litopenaeus vannamei to Iran as a cultured shrimp species, a experimental study was carried out to assess the effects of different stocking densities on growth rate, mean weight, survival rate, food conversion ratio and the total harvest of L. vannamei. Mee post-larval groups (P1,12) of L. vannamei (pond A: 20 PL/m2, pond B: 30 PL/m2 and pond C: 50 PL/m2) with average size 0.9cm and initial mean weight 0.01±0.005g were used in this study. The experiments were carried out in three replications in 9 earthen ponds each half a hectare in size in Khouzestan province, south of Iran during 110 days. The result showed there was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between stocking density and survival rate in the semi intensive culture condition. Mean survival rate among farms were greatest at the lowest density, where mean survival in pond A, B, and C was 88.6%, 83.3%, 73.3%, respectively but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The results also showed there was no significant relationship (P>0.05) between growth rate and growth days in each experiment. The mean growth rate/days for ponds A, B, and C were calculated at 0.16g/day, 0.16g/day and 0.15g/day, respectively. The food conversion ratio in the end of the study period for ponds A, B and C was 1.01, 1.17 and 1.2, respectively. Shrimp production increased with an increase in stocking density when farm production at Pond A and B indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) compared to that of the pond C. The total shrimp production for ponds A, B and C was calculated at 2803kg/ha, 3146kg/ha and 3972kg/ha, respectively. The water temperature ranged between 28±3°C to 23±3°C, with the highest in July and lowest in September. Salinity ranged between 25±2ppt to 12±3ppt, pH ranged between 8.6±0.2 to 7.50.4 and dissolved oxygen ranged between 5.8± 0.4ppm to 5.3±0.3ppm throughout the study. The study proved that L. vannamei could adapt to common conditions in Iranian shrimp culture environment and also we showed that the species production was higher than the native species already under culture

Epidemiological study on some environmental and management parameters affecting on WSD occurrence in Fenneropenaeus indicus and Penaeus vannamei

For the first time white spot disease (WSD) was reported in shrimp farms of khoozestan province, in southwest of IRAN in 2002. Then in 2005 the neighbor province, boushehr, was contaminated. In 2008 WSD outbreak reported in sistan-bloochestan province in southeast of Iran. In 2015 all of southern shrimp farms of country except Hormozgan, the middle southern province, which has remained free of WSD, are being contaminated. White Spot disease suspended shrimp culture in thousands hectares of shrimp farms. Considering that white spot disease has not been observed in Hormozgan province yet, the question is; to what extent environmental and management factors participated in preventing WSD outbreak or cause WSD outbreak. In this study (20102012), the effects of environmental factors and management, stressors that decrease immune system function of shrimp are discussed. In addition, the role of pathogen as the main factor of outbreak is discussed. The goal of this study is to define environmental parameters and management practices associates with outbreak of white spot disease in affected provinces and discover reasons of being Hormozgan province free of this disease. In this study the role of the local environmental factors and management practice stressors in susceptibility to WSD was determine. Both the effects of environmental factors in water of ponds including total ammonia, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, transparency, and temperature and management issues related to biosecurity are studied. There were overlaps on physical and chemical parameter values obtained in clear areas with contaminated areas .Results of the data analysis suggest that lack of association with WSD incidence was 7 times greater than WSD incidence despite of disease outbreak in sistan-bloochestan province, so other sources of white spot disease virus incidence was suspected in affected areas. Histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests during project performance did not reveal white spot disease virus evidences in post larvae examined from khoozestan province stocked in farms but disease outbreak was happened in that farms , so we suspected to management practice include feed , pond preparation and carrier of disease. Recorded values of temperature and salinity in some months during inspection in Hormozgan province specified stressful condition that may lead to WSD outbreak, however the disease did not appear. Therefore the hypothesis that the water physical and chemical conditions are reasons to prevent disease outbreak in Hormozgan province is being rejected. The policy of Hormozgan’s fishery authorities, to replaced Fenneropenaeus indicus with specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei, that is more resistant to some of diseases, before incidence of WSD in farms and to before being endemic in the Hormozgan province, made an advantage compare to affected southern provinces that introduced Litopenaeus vannamei after WSD prevalence to their farms. However it does not guarantee to maintain current trend of being Hormozgan province farms free of white spot disease. Therefore establishing the principals of biosecurity are strongly emphasized. Strategies taken by the proficient authorities in preparation of SPF shrimp broodstock can be the most important factor in preventing WSD. Regarding biosecurity principals purchased feed must be free of shrimp head powder. Construction the new shrimp farms should be as far as it could be away from contaminated areas

Infection of Some Species of Fresh Water Fishes to Parasitic Worms in Khouzestan Province, Iran

During a survey on parasitic worms infection of local freshwater fishes in years 1994-95 in Khouzestan province wetlands, 206 individuals of fishes (62 individuals of Barbus luteus Heckel, 1843 ; 30 individuals of Cyprinus carpio L.;6 individuals of Silirus triostegus Heckel, 1843 ; 92 individuals of Liza abu Heckel, 1843 and 15 individuals of Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843 of Hoor-al-azim and Hoor-shadegan were catched and they were examined. One of 62 B. luteus and two of 3 C. carpio were infected to Borthriocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1943 and two of 6 S. triostegus were infected to proteocephalus spe Weinland, 1858. In this study, frequency of infection in B. luteus and C. carpio to B. opsariichthydis was 1.6% and 6.6% respectively, and in S. triostegus was 33.3% to proteocephalus sp. One of 15 A. vorax and 51 of 93 L. abu were infected to Neoechinorhynchus tylosuri. In this study female and male parasites were collected from fish intestine. Frequency of infection in A. vorax and L abu were 6.6% and 54.8% respectively. This is the first record of N. tylosuri infection in A. vorax in Iran

IDENTIFICATION OF MYXOZOA AND PROTOZOA PARASITES OF BARBOID FISHES OF WATER RESOURCES IN KHOUZESTAN PROVINCE

A survey on parasitic infection of Barboid fishes of Khouzestan Province in southwest Iran was conducted from spring 2002 to autumn 2004. A total of 296 specimens from five fish species were examined. The specimens were collected from five stations including Ahwaz, Golestan, Mollasani and Dez Reservoir on Karoun River and Hamidieh Reservoir and Shadegan Lagoon on Karkheh River. The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory where they measured and weighed and then killed by cutting their spinal cord. Eleven parasites were separated of which seven were identified to the species level and four to the genus level. Of the protozoans we found Ichlyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Goussia sp., Balantidium sp. and of the myxozoans we observed Myxobolus persicus, Mkaruni, M nodulointestinalis, Miranicus, Mmesopotamia, Myxobolus sp., Myxidium rhodei, and Myxidium pfiefferi. We reported three new parasites and eleven new hosts for Iranian freshwater fishes and three new hosts for three Myzoxoans