Perinatal and neonatal effects of androgens on plasma levels of testosterone, homocysteine, long bones length and diameter in male and female rats’ born

Background and aims:Homocysteine is an amino acid sulfur-containing that its amount under androgenic hormones effect changed. With regard to homocysteine effect on the growth of bone tissue, the study aimed to investigate the prenatal and neonatal effects of testosterone on serum homocysteine and growth of Femur & Humerus bones length and diameter of rats’ born were performed. Methods: The experimental study on 256 born of 40 male and female rats divided into 4 groups: control (no treatment), sham (treatment with drugs), experimental perinatal and neonatal by dosing 600 μg/kg in pregnancy and lactation periods under treatment testosterone were done. Then the different groups of both males and females’ born in the days 7,14,21 and maturation of testosterone levels, homocysteine, and length and diameter of Femur & Humerus bones were evaluated and the results obtained using SPSS-20 software and t-test, ANOVA were analyzed and the significant differences of data at P <0.05 was considered. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the significant increase in rats’ born treated with testosterone, serum levels of homocysteine and testosterone at P <0.05 is observed, but only in the male and female’ born on the 21st and during maturity, the significant reduction at P <0.05 in Femur & Humerus bones length and diameter was observed. Conclusion: The results showed that injection of testosterone during pregnancy and lactation increases testosterone levels and homocysteine and reduce the Femur & Humerus bones length and diameter

The effect of production management to increase productivity operations management of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Gas Refinery (Khangiran)

Until the year 2012, AD was considered the world's second largest gas reserves. Recently new sources of rich gas have been exploring and discovering and are expected to take up the top position of the world's gas reserves. Gas consumption in Iran has increased dramatically in recent years. Industry can find a way to lower gas used as fuel, at least not as important that the gas has been named as the core of development. Gas Shahid Hashemi Nejad Refining Company in the northeast of the country is responsible for providing gas for the six provinces of Iran. This refinery is responsible to produce gas continuously in order to define their plans for 2015 as being Iran's top Oil and Gas company. This study tried to investigate the effect of production management to increase productivity operations management of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Gas refinery. In an interview with the manager of the refinery operation management, it was considered as the effective factor in productivity of the refinery. 95% of the managers of the refinery (all of them were male) were chosen to answer a questionnaire including 20  question. Finally, based on the gathered data, it was concluded that the production management increases the productivity of the refinery

The effect of production management to increase productivity operations management of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Gas Refinery (Khangiran)

Until the year 2012, AD was considered the world's second largest gas reserves. Recently new sources of rich gas have been exploring and discovering and are expected to take up the top position of the world's gas reserves. Gas consumption in Iran has increased dramatically in recent years. Industry can find a way to lower gas used as fuel, at least not as important that the gas has been named as the core of development. Gas Shahid Hashemi Nejad Refining Company in the northeast of the country is responsible for providing gas for the six provinces of Iran. This refinery is responsible to produce gas continuously in order to define their plans for 2015 as being Iran's top Oil and Gas company. This study tried to investigate the effect of production management to increase productivity operations management of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Gas refinery. In an interview with the manager of the refinery operation management, it was considered as the effective factor in productivity of the refinery. 95% of the managers of the refinery (all of them were male) were chosen to answer a questionnaire including 20  question. Finally, based on the gathered data, it was concluded that the production management increases the productivity of the refinery

Investigating the Effect of Various Fillers on Cohesive Failure Mechanism in Asphalt Mixtures

In the current research attempts have been made to investigate the effect of various fillers on the resistance to mastic failure using mechanical and thermodynamic methods. Two types of granite and limestone aggregates with acidic and basic characteristics were used, respectively. Besides, four types of filler including calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and stone powder and two types asphalt binder PEN 60-70 and PEN 85-100 were used. Calcium carbonate and hydrated lime had the most effect and Portland cement and stone powder had the least effect on strength reduction. In addition, the results obtained by modified Lottman test showed that the use of hydrated lime and calcium carbonate increased resistance to moisture damage. The results of correlation coefficients show the necessity of using the effect of filler on cohesion free energy calculation in the surface free energy to investigate cohesion failure in different asphalt mixtures

The Impacts of Water Pricing and Non-Pricing Policies on Sustainable Water Resources Management: A Case of Ghorveh Plain at Kurdistan Province, Iran

As with other regions of Iran, due to excessive extraction of groundwater for intense agricultural activity, Ghorveh plain, a water-scarce irrigation district in the west of Iran, has faced a serious water crisis during the last decade. The present study investigates the impacts of two scenario policies, namely, non-price policy (as a supply-oriented policy) and water pricing policies (as a demand-oriented policy) on agricultural sector of Ghorveh Plain, using positive mathematical programming (PMP). The model was calibrated by using farm-level data for the crop years in 2016–2017. Our findings indicate that applying water supply constraint policy will change the land use and cropping pattern to the crops with higher water productivity. The increase of water resource constraints can lead to the increase of water economic return which indicates a rising value of water resources shortage, warning the producers of the agriculture sector to allocate water to the crops with higher economic value under the water resources shortage conditions. In addition, the findings underline that in a situation where the price of irrigation water is low due to the low elasticity of water demand in the agriculture sector, formulating the economic instruments such as rising water prices does not solely suffice to achieve sustainable water resource management. However, mixed scenarios emphasized that the water distribution policies should be aligned with the increases in water cost. © 2019 by the authors

Participatory Planning: A Strategy for Organizing and Reinventing Urban Worn

The phenomenon of unstable major cities  especially in developing countries, is common in urban species. Although the effects of these settlements dating back to their cell, they are generally a reflection of the shortcomings and failures such as the lack of municipal services and capital, uneven and unhelpful networks and pathways, and their environmental problems . Until now, Governmental and private organizations in different countries have tried to excel and rebuild old and worn parts of a city. But, researches show that the most effective action on excelling and rebuilding worn parts is cooperation and participation of citizens. They can create some organizations and NGOs.  This study shows that citizen participation in development and rebuilding worn parts is in four axels including culture of people, the availability level of Collaborative Management requirements, and the rules and laws governing people's lives. So, in this article, it is tried to make some managing patterns and human participation methods and finding merits and demerits of methods. These actions can be done by studies in libraries and finding some methods is suggested based on true and scientific management. Results indicated that the program of excelling and rebuilding of urban worn parts are one of expanding cities politics. There are lots of capacities on building houses and increasing urban facilities access. But the realization of this program due to its heavy investment requirement, and according to the widely -worn parts can be done only by public participation and public secto

Participatory Planning: A Strategy for Organizing and Reinventing Urban Worn

The phenomenon of unstable major cities  especially in developing countries, is common in urban species. Although the effects of these settlements dating back to their cell, they are generally a reflection of the shortcomings and failures such as the lack of municipal services and capital, uneven and unhelpful networks and pathways, and their environmental problems . Until now, Governmental and private organizations in different countries have tried to excel and rebuild old and worn parts of a city. But, researches show that the most effective action on excelling and rebuilding worn parts is cooperation and participation of citizens. They can create some organizations and NGOs.  This study shows that citizen participation in development and rebuilding worn parts is in four axels including culture of people, the availability level of Collaborative Management requirements, and the rules and laws governing people's lives. So, in this article, it is tried to make some managing patterns and human participation methods and finding merits and demerits of methods. These actions can be done by studies in libraries and finding some methods is suggested based on true and scientific management. Results indicated that the program of excelling and rebuilding of urban worn parts are one of expanding cities politics. There are lots of capacities on building houses and increasing urban facilities access. But the realization of this program due to its heavy investment requirement, and according to the widely -worn parts can be done only by public participation and public secto