Effects of different warm-up periods on knee proprioception and balance in healthy young individuals

Context: There is limited information on the effects of different warm-up periods on proprioception and balance in the context of injury prevention. Objective: To determine the effects of warm-up exercises on knee proprioception and balance and to compare the effectiveness of warming up periods. Design: Pretest/posttest. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 30 healthy subjects (19 women, 11 men; mean age 20.70 +/- 0.99 years). Interventions: Exercise groups performed warm-up exercises (group 1, 5 minutes; group 2, 10 minutes). Joint Position Sense (JPS) was tested at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees knee flexion (KF) on a JPS device. Balance was measured using the Neurocom Balance Master System. Main Outcome Measures: JPS absolute error (AE) was measured at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees KF and postural control was measured. Results: After exercise, we found significant improvements for AE of JPSs of 30 degrees right (R) KF, 15 degrees left (L) KF, and 60 degrees L KF in group 1. In group 2, AE of JPS values increased for all angles of both knees except 60 degrees R KR AE of JPS values of 15 degrees R KF, 30 degrees R KF, 15 degrees L KF, 60 degrees L KF were significantly different in group 2 compared with group 1. In balance measurements, there were significant improvements for standing on foam with eyes closed (EC) position, velocity and R-L unilateral stance EC in group 1. There were significant improvements for velocity, end point, maximum excursion, and L unilateral stance EC in group 2. Conclusions: Both warm-up periods have positive effects on knee proprioception and balance. The 10-minute warm-up exercise improved proprioception by a greater amount than the 5 minutes warm-up exercise. Keywords: Joint position sense, warm-up exercise, knee, balanc

Effects of Different Warm-Up Periods on Knee Proprioception and Balance in Healthy Young Individuals

Context: There is limited information on the effects of different warm-up periods on proprioception and balance in the context of injury prevention. Objective: To determine the effects of warm-up exercises on knee proprioception and balance and to compare the effectiveness of warming up periods. Design: Pretest/posttest. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 30 healthy subjects (19 women, 11 men; mean age 20.70 +/- 0.99 years). Interventions: Exercise groups performed warm-up exercises (group 1, 5 minutes; group 2, 10 minutes). Joint Position Sense (JPS) was tested at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees knee flexion (KF) on a JPS device. Balance was measured using the Neurocom Balance Master System. Main Outcome Measures: JPS absolute error (AE) was measured at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees KF and postural control was measured. Results: After exercise, we found significant improvements for AE of JPSs of 30 degrees right (R) KF, 15 degrees left (L) KF, and 60 degrees L KF in group 1. In group 2, AE of JPS values increased for all angles of both knees except 60 degrees R KR AE of JPS values of 15 degrees R KF, 30 degrees R KF, 15 degrees L KF, 60 degrees L KF were significantly different in group 2 compared with group 1. In balance measurements, there were significant improvements for standing on foam with eyes closed (EC) position, velocity and R-L unilateral stance EC in group 1. There were significant improvements for velocity, end point, maximum excursion, and L unilateral stance EC in group 2. Conclusions: Both warm-up periods have positive effects on knee proprioception and balance. The 10-minute warm-up exercise improved proprioception by a greater amount than the 5 minutes warm-up exercise. Keywords: Joint position sense, warm-up exercise, knee, balanc

Influences of acute resistance and aerobic exercises on plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different types (aerobic and resistance) of acute exercise on plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles

The relationship of pressure-pain threshold with alexithyrnia in healthy young subjects

Objectives: Alexithymia is related to chronic pain with symptomatic patients, but the relationship between alexithymia and pain in healthy young subjects is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pressure-pain threshold [PPT] and alexithyrnia in healthy young subjects

Effects of two different exercise trainings on plasma homocysteine levels and other cardiovascular disease risks

Purpose: To investigate the influences of regular sub-maximal aerobic and resistance exercise trainings for 3 months on plasma homocystenie level and other CVD risks (lipid profile, body mass index, etc.) and compare the effects of these two different types of exercise training on these parameters

Factors affecting the benefits of a six-month supervised exercise program on community-dwelling older adults: interactions among age, gender, and participation

[Purpose] This study determined the effects of age, gender, and participation on the benefits of a 6-month supervised exercise program on older adults. [Subjects and Methods] Eighty-five (37 women, 48 men) community-dwelling older adults participated. The chair sit-and-reach test, the 8-foot up-and-go test, the 6-minute walk test, the Berg Balance Scale, lower-body flexibility, dynamic balance, aerobic endurance, balance, metabolic rate, muscle strength, and position sense were evaluated. Repeated-measures of analysis of variance was performed including dependent variables of age, gender, and participation in the exercise program as dependent inter-subject factors and time of assessment as an intra-subject factor. [Results] Mean exercise participation was 29.88 +/- 1.29 sessions. Flexibility, balance, position sense, and strength showed a significant main effect of time. There was a significant gender interaction for right shoulder flexion strength and knee extension strength, a significant gender-participation interaction for pre-/post-intervention measures of functional mobility, and a significant age-participation interaction for flexibility. [Conclusion] Exercise training improved outcomes after 6 months of supervised exercise, but the changes were similar regardless of participation level. Changes in strength were more pronounced in men than women

Evaluation of nutritional status in children amblyopia

Purpose: We aimed to compare the body mass index and vitamin and mineral status of children with and without amblyopia. Methods: Amblyopic children aged between 5 and 18 years (n=46) and age-matched control children (n=32) were evaluated in terms of anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, body mass index and demographic features. Serum vitamin B-12 and folate were measured using an Advia Centaur XP (Siemens, Ireland) biochemistry analyzer. We evaluated the inorganic mineral elements from hair samples with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using a Thermo XSeries 2 analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index or serum B-12 and folate concentrations (p>0.05). Children with severe amblyopia had lower vitamin B-12 and folate and higher body mass index. The levels of phosphorus (p=0.012), selenium (p=0.002), molybdenum (p<0.001), iodine (p=0.002), chromium (p=0.022), boron (p<0.001), and beryllium (p=0.005) were all significantly lower in the amblyopia group compared to the control group. All of these minerals, except phosphorus, were also significantly lower in those with severe amblyopia compared to those with milder amblyopia and controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Amblyopic children are significantly deficient in some inorganic elements. Inorganic elements, vitamin B-12 and folate may play an important role in the visual development of amblyopic children

Evaluation of nutritional status in children with amblyopia

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to compare the body mass index and vitamin and mineral status of children with and without amblyopia. Methods: Amblyopic children aged between 5 and 18 years (n=46) and age-matched control children (n=32) were evaluated in terms of anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, body mass index and demographic features. Serum vitamin B12 and folate were measured using an Advia Centaur XP (Siemens, Ireland) biochemistry analyzer. We evaluated the inorganic mineral elements from hair samples with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using a Thermo XSeries 2 analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index or serum B12 and folate concentrations (p>0.05). Children with severe amblyopia had lower vitamin B12 and folate and higher body mass index. The levels of phosphorus (p=0.012), selenium (p=0.002), molybdenum (p<0.001), iodine (p=0.002), chromium (p=0.022), boron (p<0.001), and beryllium (p=0.005) were all significantly lower in the amblyopia group compared to the control group. All of these minerals, except phosphorus, were also significantly lower in those with severe amblyopia compared to those with milder amblyopia and controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Amblyopic children are significantly deficient in some inorganic elements. Inorganic elements, vitamin B12, and folate may play an important role in the visual development of amblyopic children

Factors affecting the benefits of a six-month supervised exercise program on community-dwelling older adults: interactions among age, gender, and participation

[Purpose] This study determined the effects of age, gender, and participation on the benefits of a 6-month supervised exercise program on older adults. [Subjects and Methods] Eighty-five (37 women, 48 men) community-dwelling older adults participated. The chair sit-and-reach test, the 8-foot up-and-go test, the 6-minute walk test, the Berg Balance Scale, lower-body flexibility, dynamic balance, aerobic endurance, balance, metabolic rate, muscle strength, and position sense were evaluated. Repeated-measures of analysis of variance was performed including dependent variables of age, gender, and participation in the exercise program as dependent inter-subject factors and time of assessment as an intra-subject factor. [Results] Mean exercise participation was 29.88 ± 1.29 sessions. Flexibility, balance, position sense, and strength showed a significant main effect of time. There was a significant gender interaction for right shoulder flexion strength and knee extension strength, a significant gender-participation interaction for pre-/post-intervention measures of functional mobility, and a significant age-participation interaction for flexibility. [Conclusion] Exercise training improved outcomes after 6 months of supervised exercise, but the changes were similar regardless of participation level. Changes in strength were more pronounced in men than women

The Effects of Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Our aim was to determine the effects of resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Forty-five women were included in the study. Resistance exercises were done with an intensity of 60% of 1-Repetition Maximum, for 12 weeks. Heart rate, blood pressure, estimated peak VO2, lipid profiles, and homocysteine levels were evaluated. There were significant time and group interactions for body mass index (p = .02), heart rate (p = .04), systolic blood pressure (p = .03), estimated mean peak VO2 (p = .00), and total cholesterol (p = .00), but there were no interactions with other evaluated parameters. Resistance training has beneficial effects on particular cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women