Implementación y programación de un módulo para simulación del proceso de etiquetado automático para enlatados, utilizando robot industrial y PLC, en el laboratorio de automatización de la Facultad de Mecánica.

Se implementó un módulo para la simulación del proceso de etiquetado automático para enlatados, utilizando robot industrial y PLC en el Laboratorio de Automatización de la Facultad de Mecánica, el cuál será utilizado por los estudiantes tomando en cuenta las necesidades de los mismos y así complementar los conocimientos adquiridos y así tener una idea más amplia de los procesos industriales modernos de hoy en día. Para que este proceso se pueda realizar se utilizó diversos dispositivos, elementos y equipos entre ellos destacan los cilindros neumáticos de simple efecto, etiquetadora, electroválvulas, motor reductor, sensores, banda transportadora los cuales tienen la facilidad de ser operados ya sea de forma manual o automática desde el panel HMI KTP 700. Para poder controlar los PLC se realizará su correcta programación con ayuda del software TIA PORTAL V13, y con ayuda de los demás componentes se controlará la banda transportadora la cual llevará el pallet que contiene la probeta a ser etiquetada a cada uno de sus puntos de control donde serán censados y así dar lugar a la siguiente etapa del proceso de etiquetado. Para garantizar el funcionamiento se realizaron varias pruebas de funcionamiento y a su vez se elaboró planes de mantenimiento, fichas de inspección y una lista de diagnósticos sobre posibles fallas en los actuadores neumáticos. Se recomienda fortalecer los conocimientos de automatización mediante la actualización continua de tecnologías y así fortalecer el desenvolvimiento de los estudiantes siguiendo todas las medidas de seguridad y de esta manera proteger la integridad tanto del usuario como de los equipos.A module was implemented for the simulation of the automatic labeling process for canning, using an industrial robot and PLC in the Laboratory of Automation of the Faculty of Mechanics, which will be used by the students taking into account the needs of the same and thus complement the knowledge acquired and thus have a broader idea of the modern industrial processes of today. In order to make this process possible, various devices, elements and equipment were used, among them the single-acting pneumatic cylinders, labeling machine, solenoid valves, reducing motor, sensors, conveyor belt which have the facility to be operated either manually or automatic control from the HMI panel KTP 700. In order to control the PLCs and make them correctly programmed with the help of the software TIA PORTAL V 13, and with the help of the order components, the conveyor belt will be controlled which will carry the pallet containing the specimen to be labeled, each of its control points where they will be registered and thus lead to the next stage of the labeling process. In order to guarantee the operation, several functional tests were carried out and maintenance plans, inspection sheets and a list of diagnoses of possible failures in pneumatic actuators were drawn up. It is recommended to strengthen the student’s development following all the security measures and this way to protect the integrity of the user as of the equipment

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk