The Potential Role of Nutraceuticals in Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Nutraceuticals are defined as a food or food ingredients that prevent and treat diseases. They contain dietary supplements like proteins, vitamins and minerals, compound derived from natural sources. They have functions about delaying, preventing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases due to the presence of the phytochemicals. They have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting of the activation of NF-κB, blocking the overexpression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, downregulation of the overexpression of cell adhesion molecules and inhibiting phospholipase A2, COX-2, lipoxygenease, iNOS, myeloperoxidase and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating enzyme activity and increasing ability to scavenge ROS. They have antioxidative role that can reduce the level of ROS and free radicals. They have effects on the process of lipid oxidation that inhibit or slow the formation of free alky radicals and cut off the free radical chain reactions

A Prominent Superfood: Spirulina platensis

Our planet’s resources have been declining, as you know. The life qualities of humans have also changed a little because of their economy, nutrition, sports, and family life. Therefore, more alternative resources are being sought after by humans. Also, in the food supply for animals, scientists have been researching different and alternative supplements for growth performance, immunity, reproduction, and metabolism. Spirulina platensis and its contents have been linked to a nutritional component in both human and animal health and welfare. Growth and immunomodulation properties of this supplement have been widely studied in animals and humans, recently. Nowadays, nutritional specifics of S. platensis are a main focus for researchers. S. platensis is a single-cell protein due to its rich components, such as protein, essential amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidant pigments, carotenoids, beta-carotene, and phycocyanin. Today, researchers study the nutritional quality and investigate the effects of S. platensis on growth, immunity, antioxidant, antitoxicologic, anticancerogenic, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, and fertility. For these reasons, S. platensis may be acceptable as an alternative and/or superfood for the next generation. So, we review this information regarding S. platensis using historical background, literature reviews, qualitative studies, and microscopic appearances in this chapter

Can fracture healing be accelerated by serum transfer in head trauma cases? An experimental head trauma model in rats

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the positive union effect caused by head trauma could be transferred between individuals.& nbsp; Materials and methods: Seventy-two male rats with an average weight of 375 g were used in this study and divided into four groups including 18 in each group. Group 1 consisted of serum donor rats that were exposed to head trauma, while Group 2 consisted of study rats with long bone fractures that were given the serum obtained from the rats in Group 1, Group 3 included control rats with isolated long bone fractures, and Group 4 included control rats with both head trauma and long bone fractures. For radiological evaluation, the ratio of the width of the callus to the width of the neighboring diaphysis was considered as the callus-todiaphyseal ratio in the study and control groups. Histopathological and radiological evaluations was made on Days 10, 20, and 30.& nbsp; Results: In evaluation of the radiological data regarding the callusto-diaphyseal ratio, Group 3 was found to have significantly lower radiological values than Group 4 on Day 10 (p=0.006). Group 2 had significantly higher values than Group 3 (p=0.02). On Day 20, Group 2 exhibited significantly higher radiological values than Group 3 (p=0.004), but lower than Group 4 (p=0.032). As for Day 30, Group 2 exhibited significantly higher radiological values than Group 3, but lower than Group 4 (p=0.001). In the evaluation of the Huo scores obtained for histopathological evaluation, there was no significant difference among the groups on Days 10, 20, and 30 (p=0.295, p=0.569, and p=0.729, respectively).& nbsp; Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the osteoinductive effect after head trauma can be transmitted between individuals by means of serum transfer

The immunohistochemical investigation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced by dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA) in rats consuming of high fructose corn syrup and sucrose

Bu tez çalışmasında, farklı beslenme modelleri (yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu, sakkaroz, kontrol) uygulanan Sprague Dawley ırkı sıçanlarda deneysel olarak 7,12 Dimetil Benzantrasen (DMBA) implantasyonu ile oluşturulan pankreas duktal adenokarsinomlarında (PDAK) matriks metalloproteinaz 2 (MMP-2) ve matriks metalloproteinaz 9 (MMP-9) enzimlerinin immunohistokimyasal yöntemle incelenmesi amaçlandı. DMBA uygulanan tüm sıçanların pankreaslarında yaklaşık 0.5 -2 cm ebatlarda, beyazımtırak, orta sert kıvamlı, kesit yüzü nekrotik tümöral kitlelere rastlandı. DMBA uygulanmayan hayvanların pankreaslarında herhangi bir tümöral lezyona rastlanmadı. Histopatolojik olarak DMBA uygulanan sıçanların pankreaslarındaki tümöral kitlelerin PDAK'ları ile uyumlu oldukları görüldü. DMBA uygulanmayan tüm sıçanların pankreaslarında herhangi bir mikroskobik lezyon dikkati çekmedi. Ticari olarak temin edilen MMP-2 ve MMP-9 primer antikorları ile immunohistokimyasal yöntemle boyanarak tüm gruplardaki pankreas dokularında, boyananan hücreler, boyanma oranları ve boyanma şiddeti yarı kantitatif olarak değerlendirildi. İncelemeler sonucunda DMBA uygulaması sonrası duktal adenokarsinom gelişen yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu (YFMŞ), sakkaroz ve kontrol grupları arasında MMP-9 enzimi açısından, asiner hücreler (p<0,017) ve tubuler kompleks (p<0,021) yapılarında istatiksel olarak fark bulundu. Anlamlı farklılıklar bulunan grupların ikili karşılaştırılmasında YFMŞ ve kontrol grubunda asiner hücreler ve tubuler kompleks yapılarında, sakkaroz ve kontrol grubunda ise asiner hücrelerde anlamlı fark bulundu. MMP-2 enzimine bakıldığında DMBA uygulanan YFMŞ grubunda Langerhans adacıklarında, asiner hücrelerde, tümöral duktal epitellerin boyanma oranları ve şiddetlerinde, yangı hücrelerinde, desmoplazik yapı ve tubuler komplekslerde sakkaroz ve kontrol grubuna göre medyan değeri yüksek olmasına rağmen istatistiksel fark gözlenmedi. Sonuç olarak, MMP-2 ve MMP-9 enzimlerinin boyanma özellikleri farklı beslenme modellerinde karşılaştırıldığında, yüksek fruktozun PDAK'ların gelişiminde rolü olabileceği kanısına varıldı.The aim of this study was to investigate immunohistochemical staining characteristics of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in pancreas ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) experimentally induced by implantation of 7, 12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA) in Sprague Dawley rats fed with different feeding regimes (corn syrup containing high levels of fructose, sucrose and control). Whitish, moderately firm tumoral masses of about 0.5 cm to 2 cm developed in pancreases of all DMBA-applied rats; the cut surfaces of the masses were necrotic. Animals which were not applied DMBA did not develop any tumoral masses in their pancreases. Histopathologically tumoral masses were confirmed to be PDACs. Rats which were not applied DMBA had normal pancreases microscopically. Stained cells, staining rates and intensities of the pancreas tissues were investigated semi-quantitatively in MMP-2 and MMP-9 stained slides. Significant differences were observed between rats which were applied high-fructose containing corn syrup and developed PDACs, and sucrose and control groups in MMP-9 enzyme staining intensities of acinar cells (p<0.017) and tubular complexes (p<0.021). In comparison of groups, significant differences were observed between high-fructose containing corn syrup-fed rats and control rats in staining intensities of acinar cells and tubular complexes, and between sucrose-fed rats and control rats in staining intensities of acinar cells. In comparison of MMP-2 staining rates and intensities, although the median value was higher in islets of Langerhans, acinar cells, tumoral ductal epithelium, inflammatory cells, desmoplasic structures and tubular complexes in DMBA applied high-fructose containing corn syrup-fed rats when compared with sucrose-fed rats and control rats, no statistical difference could be observed. As a conclusion, when MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining characteristics were compared in different feeding regimes, high fructose was suggested to have a role in development of PDACs

Dişi Köpeklerde Transmissible Venereal Tümörün Vinkristin Sülfat İle Tedavi Öncesi Ve Sonrası Matriks Metalloroteinaz-2 Ve Matriks Metalloroteinaz-9 Enzimlerinin Varlığının Immunohistokimyasal Yöntemle Araştırılması

Bu çalışma Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Yerel Etik Kurulundan alınan 2016/05-05 onay numara izni ile dişi köpeğe ait tümöral doku materyali temini gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Doğum ve Jinekoloji Anabilim Dalı’na ve Tekirdağ bölgesinde serbest olarak çalışan özel veteriner hekim kliniklerine gelen, 30 adet, 2-12 yaşları arasında, spontan Transmissible Venereal Tümöre sahip dişi köpeklerin vinkristin sülfat tedavisi öncesi ve sonrasında Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı’na gönderilen ve vestibulum bölgesinden alınan tümöral dokular kullanıldı. Tümöral dokular bir gece boyunca tespit edildi. Rutin doku takip işlemi uygulandı ve hematoksilen eozin ile boyandı. Preparatlar ışık mikroskobunda incelenerek histopatolojik bulguları kaydedildi. TVT tanısı konulan dokular, tedavi öncesinde ve sonrasında MMP-2 ve MMP-9 enzimlerinin varlığını karşılaştırmak amacıyla immunohistokimyasal yöntemle boyandı. Edilen veriler sonucunda gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak karşılaştırma yapıldı. Köpeklere tedavi süresince ticari mama ve önlerinde serbest su verildi. Tedavi amacıyla vinkristin sülfat (Vincristine DBL, Mayne Pharma Pty Ltd, Avustralya) 0.025 mg/kg dozunda 10 ml serum fizyolojik ile sulandırıldıktan sonra intravenöz yolla yavaş enjeksiyon şeklinde kullanıldı. Tedavi süresince her tedaviden önce hematolojik değerler kontrol edildi. Tedaviye tümörler tamamen gerileyene veya maksimum 7 haftaya kadar devam edildi. Sonuçlara göre TVT tanısı konulan tümöral dokuların tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında MMP-2 ve MMP-9 enzimlerinin immunohistokimyasal olarak boyanma oranı ve şiddeti bakımından istatiksel fark saptanmamıştır. Ancak MMP-2 enzimi tedavi sonrasında, öncesine göre medyan değeri düşük dikkati çekmiştir. Vinkristin sülfat ile tedavi öncesi ve sonrası MMP-2 ve MMP-9 enzimlerinin varlığını gösteren çalışma bulunmadığı için literatüre yeni bir bilgi katacağı düşünülmektedir.This study was carried out the tumoral tissues of female dog with approval number 2016 / 05-05 from Namik Kemal University Experimental Animals Local Ethics Committee. Before and after treatment, tumor tissues obtained 2-12 years old, 30 female dogs with spontaneous Transmissible Venereal Tumor, were taken from the vestibulum region which came to private veterinary clinics in Tekirdağ region and Uludag University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Tissues were fixed overnight. Routine tissue process was performed. The slides were stained with hematoxylin eosine, examined under light microscope and the histopathological findings were recorded. The tissues diagnosed with TVT were stained immunohistochemially for comparing the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes before and after treatment. Statistical comparison was made between the groups. During the treatment, commercial dog food and free water were given. Vincristine sulfate (Vincristine DBL, Mayne Pharma Pty Ltd, Australia) was administered weekly with 10 ml physiologic saline at a dose of 0.025 mg / kg, via slow intravenous injection. During the treatment hematological values were controlled. The treatment was contiuned until the absence of tumors or continued for up to 7 weeks. There was no statistical difference in the immunohistochemical staining rate and severity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes before and after treatment. However, after treatment, the median value of MMP-2 enzyme was lower than before. There is no study about showing the presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes before and after treatment with vincristine sulphate, so the literature is expected to provide new information

Rectal fibromatosis in a Simmental cow

V. Ulusal Doğum ve Jinekoloji Kongresinde (Uluslararası katılımlı) 31.10-03.11 2013, poster tebliğ olarak sunulmuştur.Bu olayda 4 yaşlı Simental ırkı inekte rektum bölgesinde gözlenen çok sayıdaki tümöral kitlelerden dolayı rektal muayeneyi zorlaştıran ve operasyonuna karar verilen fibromatozis olgusunun klinik ve patolojik yönden incelenmesi amaçlandı. Hayvanda doğumu izleyen dönemde rektal muayene yapılmak istendiğinde rektum çevresinde zamanla sayı ve hacimleri artan kitleler gözlendi. En büyüğü 6,5 cm çapında yuvarlak ve 4x3x1,4cm büyüklüğünde oval, çeşitli büyüklükte 14 adet katı esnek kıvamda, beyaz renkli kitlelere rastlandı. Kitlelerin bazıları deri ve çoğunlukla mukoza ile kaplı olduğu dikkati çekti. %10’luk tamponlu formaldehit ile tespit edilerek parafine gömülen ve 5 µm kalınlığında kesitler alınan dokular, Hematoksilen-Eosin (H-E) ve Van Gieson ile ayrıca immunohistokimyasal (İHK) olarak sitokeratin ve vimentin ile boyandı. H-E kesitli dokulardaki tümöral kitlenin tipik anafor tarzında yerleşmiş fibroblast ve fibrositlerden oluştuğu, yapılan İHK boyamada ise vimentin pozitif ve sitokeratin negatif olarak gözlendi. Bu olgudaki gözlenen makroskobik, mikroskobik ve İHK’sal bulgular kaudal rektumda fibromatozis olgusu ile uyumlu bulunmuşturIn this case, it was aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological aspects of fibromatosis which make difficult rectal examination due to multiple tumoral masses observed in a 4-year-old Simmental–breed at rectum. Period of after the birth, the masses were seen around the rectal area of the cow when rectal examination was carried out. The number and volume of masses increased with time.The shapes of masses were round and oval and the largest size were 6.5 cm in diameter and 4 x 3 x 1.4 cm respectively. Totally 14 masses, covered with skin and mucosal membrane were found. Cut surface were whitish colored and solid-flexible in consistency. The tissues were fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin and sections with a thickness of 5 μm were stained with hematoxylen-eosin (H&E) and Van Gieson and immunohistochemical (IHC) with cytokeratin and vimentin.Tumor tissue in H&E sections consisted of fibroblasts and fibrocytes located in the typical herringbonepattern. Tumoral cells were vimentin-positive and cytokeratin-negative in IHC staining.Macroscopic, microscopic and IHC findings, in this case, were found to be consistent with the presence of fibromatosis in the caudal rectum

Investigation of Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Spirulina platensis Application in Rats

Bu çalışma Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Etik kurulundan alınan 2016-04/9 onay numara izni ile Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Deney Hayvanları Araştırma Merkezi’nde sürdürülmüştür. Çalışmada 200-250 gr canlı ağırlıkta, 7-8 haftalık yaşta, Wistar albino ırkı 30 adet rat kullanılmıştır. Gruplar sırasıyla ; I.Grup: kontrol; II.Grup: SP-1 (500 mg/kg ca); III.Grup: SP-2 (1000 mg/kg ca). Spirulina platensis hayvanlara günlük ve oral gavage ile ağızdan verilmiştir. Çalışma süresince haftalık canlı ağırlıkları tartılmış ve canlı ağırlık artışları ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmanın başında ve sonunda bel genişliği, boy uzunluğu, bel-boy oranı, abdominal yağ miktarı ve vücut kitle indeksi hesaplanmıştır. 45 günlük çalışma sonunda anestezi altındaki hayvanlardan, kan alınarak hematokrit, hemoglobin, alyuvar ve akyuvar sayısı ile lökosit alt tipleri (lenfosit, nötrofil, bazofil, monosit ve eozinofil) değerlendirilmiştir. Alınan kanlardan elde edilen serumlarda, serum kalsiyum, fosfor ve total kolesterol parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca ELİSA yöntemiyle serum ALT ve AST değerlerine de bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ratların karaciğer doku örnekleri alınmış, hematoksilen-eozin boyası ile boyanmış ve histopatolojik değişiklikler kaydedilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre büyüme performansında, hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve histpatolojik analizlerinde istatistiksel önemde bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Vücut kitle indeksi hesaplamalarına bakıldığında ise istatistik fark gözlenmemiştir, ancak abdominal yağ miktarında istatistiksel olmasa da 500 mg/kg S.platensis verilen grupta bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Doğal katkı maddeleri arasında bulunan ve zengin biyolojik içeriği bakımından ilgi çeken S.platensis’in yüksek miktarda ve uzun sürelerde kullanımının değerlendirildiği bu çalışma ile literatüre kaynak olunacağı düşünülmektedir. Ancak bu katkı maddelerinin farklı özellikte hayvan materyallerinde kullanımı ile ilgili daha derin ve ayrıntılı çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.This study was approved by Namik Kemal University Experimental Animal Ethics Committee, confirmation number 2016-04/9, and was carried out Namik Kemal University Experimental Animal Research Center. Thirty, 200-250 g live weight of male Wistar albino rats 7-8 weeks age were used. The groups; Group I: control; Group II: SP-1 (500 mg/kg bw); Group III: SP-2 (1000 mg/kg bw) respectively. Spirulina platensis was orally administered to animals by oral gavage and daily. During the study weekly live weights were weighed and live weight gains were measured. In addition, height, waist circumference, body mass index and waist/height ratio and abdominal lipid weight were calculated. Blood Hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cell counts and leukocyte subtypes (lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and eosinophils) were evaluated from animals under anesthesia at the end of 45 days of trial. Serum calcium, phosphorus and total cholesterol parameters were measured in the serum obtained from the alginate blood. Also, serum ALT and AST values were measured by ELISA method. At the end of the study, liver tissue samples of rats were taken, stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and histopathologic changes were recorded. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference in growth performance, hematological, biochemical and histopatological analyzes. There was no statistical difference in body mass index calculations, but although there were no differences in groups there was a decrease in amount of abdominal lipid weight in group added 500mg/kg S.platensis. It is considered to be a resource in the literature with this study in which the use of high amounts of S.platensis, which is among natural additives and attracts attention in terms of rich biological content, is evaluated for a long time. However, more studies about various natural additives on other animal species would be necessary to clarify the effects of these supplements

Dose dependent effects of Spirulina platensis on liver health in rats

Spirulina platensis which is an important microalgae is interested in both human and animal nutrition for health balance. This study's aimed to evaluate the dose dependent effects of S.platensis on body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio (WHtR), abdominal fat weight, liver weight, serum liver enzymes and liver histopathology. 30 male Wistar albino rats're used in groups; Control, SP-1(500mg/kgbw) and SP-2(1000mg/kgbw). S.platensis was administered by oral gavage daily. The body weight, height, WC, BMI, WHtR and abdominal lipid weight were calculated. Also, serum cholesterol, ALT and AST were measured. End of the study, liver tissue samples were taken and scaled and histopathologic changes were recorded. There were no differences in body conditions, but positively significant correlations were found among parameters. As the doses were considered, in groupSP-1, significant positively correlations were determined among abdominal fat, growth, height, BMI and WC statistically. Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in liver weight, serum and histopathologic analyzes. S.platensis with its high concentration of functional nutrients is called as an important alternative therapeutic food and it can be used safely. © 2020 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.16.074, NKUBAP.10This study was supported by grant from the Research Foundations of Namik Kemal University (Project number: NKUBAP.10.GA.16.074). The students acknowledge Eylül Yıldız, Chamza Taskir and thank for their technical assistance during research

Effect of high fructose corn sirup on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma induced by dimethyl benzantracene (DMBA) in rats

Increased risk of pancreatic cancer may be associated with consumption of sugar containing foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peach nectar containing high fructose corn sirup (HFCS) consumption in a pancreatic carcinogenesis rat model induced by 7,12-Dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA). Fifty-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with peach nectar containing HFCS + chow, peach nectar containing sucrose + chow and only chow. After 8 mo, feeding period, each group was divided into two subgroups, in which the rats were implanted with DMBA and no DMBA (sham). Histologic specimens were evaluated according to the routine tissue processing protocol. The animals withad libitumaccess to pn-HFCS, pn-sucrose and chow (only) showed significant differences in chow consumption and glucose level. Necropsy and histopathologic findings showed tumor formation in the entire group treated with DMBA. Excluding one rat in chow group, which was classified as poorly differentiated type, the others were classified as moderately differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study demonstrated that daily intake of HFCS did not increase body weight and there was no effect of peach nectar consumption on the development of PDAC induced by DMBA in rats