Structural Optimization of a Knuckle with Consideration of Stiffness and Durability Requirements

The automobile’s knuckle is connected to the parts of the steering system and the suspension system and it is used for adjusting the direction of a rotation through its attachment to the wheel. This study changes the existing material made of GCD45 to Al6082M and recommends the lightweight design of the knuckle as the optimal design technique to be installed in small cars. Six shape design variables were selected for the optimization of the knuckle and the criteria relevant to stiffness and durability were considered as the design requirements during the optimization process. The metamodel-based optimization method that uses the kriging interpolation method as the optimization technique was applied. The result shows that all constraints for stiffness and durability are satisfied using A16082M, while reducing the weight of the knuckle by 60% compared to that of the existing GCD450

Development of a heating device using CPV and heat pipe

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.The purpose of this research was to increase the generating efficiency of CPV within a restricted area using solar tracking and heat pipe. At the same time, we demonstrated that the proposed system had the ability to extract thermal energy from a CPV using thermal absorbers containing heat pipe, which could then be used for a heating system or hot-water supply. Tracking the sun, calculating the sun’s position, reinstating the heating device towards the east again for the next day’s tracking, and system shutdown were programmed using Simulink. A comparison of the experimental results with KASSI(Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute) mathematical data for the sun’s position confirmed that the algorithm used for the solar-tracking device was correct. As this system can collect heat from the CPV, the efficiency was much higher than that obtained using air cooling. We performed parametric analysis of the concentration ratio with respect to the operating temperature of the CPV and outlet temperature. The simulated and experimental results for the thermal absorber containing heat pipe were in good agreement.dc201

REMOTE SENSING OF WAVE DIRECTIONALITY BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIRECTIONAL WAVELETS : PART 2. APPLICATIONS TO THE NUMERICAL AND FIELD DATA

This paper presents the results of a study investigating methods of interpretation of wave directionality based on wavelet transform. In part 1 of this paper, the tools to be used in detection of wave directionality, i. e., the Morlet and Cauchy wavelets, were described. This paper presents the application results of the directional wavelet to numerically generated images and video images taken in laboratory wave flume, river, and sea. The results showed that directional wavelet transform can be an efficient tool in detecting wave directionality with extremely low effort and cost when it is compared to traditional practices in use

Expression of CYLD and NF-κB in Human Cholesteatoma Epithelium

The tumor suppressor CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that inhibits activation of the NF-κB, which has key roles in inflammation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that CYLD may regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway in cholesteatoma. We conducted immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of CYLD and NF-κB in 16 cases of cholesteatoma and paired cases of retroauricular (RA) skin. In cholesteatoma epithelium, activated NF-κ B expression was significantly higher than in RA skin, whereas CYLD expression was significantly lower in cholesteatoma epithelium than in RA skin (P < .05). Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was detected between CYLD and activated NF-κB expression in cholesteatoma epithelium (r = −0.630). We found that CYLD reduced and activated increased NF-κB in cholesteatoma epithelium in comparison to RA skin. The inverse correlation between CYLD and activated NF-κB in cholesteatoma may be involved in cholesteatoma epithelial hyperplasia

Symbiotic relationship between filamentous algae (Halomicronema sp.) and extracellular polymeric substance-producing algae (Chlamydomonas sp.) through biomimetic simulation of natural algal mats

To lower the cost of biomass harvesting, the growth of natural biofilm is considered to be an optimal alternative to microalgae aggregation. This study investigated algal mats that naturally agglomerate into a lump and float on water surfaces. Halomicronema sp., a filamentous cyanobacterium with high cell aggregation and adhesion to substrates, and Chlamydomonas sp., which grows rapidly and produces high extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in certain environments, are the main microalgae that make up selected mats through next-generation sequencing analysis. These two species play a major role in the formation of solid mats, and showed a symbiotic relationship as the medium and nutritional source, particularly owing to the large amount of EPS formed by the reaction between EPS and calcium ions through zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. This led to the formation of an ecological biomimetic algal mat (BAM) that mimics the natural algal mat system, and this is a way to reduce costs in the biomass production process as there is no separate treatment process for harvesting

Influence of Friction Stir Welding on Mechanical Properties of Butt Joints of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

In this study, the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of AZ61 magnesium alloy joints has been studied. Magnesium alloy AZ61 plates with thickness of 5 mm were welded at different ratios of tool rotational speed to welding speed (ω/ν). The average ultimate tensile strength of all weld conditions satisfying a ω/ν ratio of 3 reached 100% of the strength of the base material. Fractures occurred at the interface between the thermomechanical affected zone at advancing side and the stir zone in all welded specimens. From the scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction analysis, it was determined that the interface between the thermomechanical affected zone and the stir zone, which is the region where the grain orientation changes, was the weakest part; the advancing side region was relatively weaker than the retreating side region because the grain orientation change occurred more dramatically in the advancing side region