Radionuclide Release Prediction in Water and Soil at Demonstration Plant of Near Surface Disposal for Radioactive Waste

Near Surface Disposal (NSD) for Radioactive Waste that should be developed due to increment of the low level radioactive waste, need to be analyzed and evaluated related to the radiological impact of the environment. A research method applied is done by modeling the distribution of radionuclide releases process. Analysis related with the releases of radionuclide in water and soil is using PRESTO (Prediction of Radiological Effects Due to Shallow Trench Operations). The application scenarios selected in this safety assessment is the migrations of Co-60 and Cs-137 scenario through the shallow groundwater flow pattern in the NSD site. The SigmaPlot software is also used to determine the concentration equation in well water and river water. The final results showed the concentration of radionuclide in wells and streams below the provision. Radionuclide activity concentrations in well ranged from 10-10Bq/m3 to 100Bq/m3 and in the river ranged from 10-15Bq / m3 to 10-1Bq / m3. The impact of radioactive waste of radionuclide Co-60 and Cs-137 will decrease to the background radiation level at a distance less than 10m and penetrate into the saturated layer up to 4m. In this study, an equation have been obtained that can predict radionuclide concentration patterns based on the distance and the depth of the ground surface against to the facility operation time

Analisis Sebaran Limpasan Permukaan pada Sub DAS Lesti Sebagai Pertimbangan Konservasi Hulu DAS Brantas

Sub DAS Lesti yang secara keseluruhan berada di Kabupaten Malang adalah sub DAS terluas dari hulu DAS Brantas yang berperan paling besar dalam memberikan kontribusi debit air sungai yang berdampak ke bagian hilir di Waduk Sengguruh. Kondisi terkini sebaran limpasan permukaan di Sub DAS Lesti berbasis data hujan dan penggunaan lahan terkini belum banyak dikupas oleh pengambil kebijakan. Informasi sebaran dan proporsi limpasan permukaan pada wilayah DAS menjadi hal yang menarik dikaji lebih lanjut dalam rangka memberikan pertimbangan upaya konservasi DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung limpasan permukaan dan sebarannya sebagai landasan pengambil kebijakan menentukan lokasi prioritas upaya konservasi pada Sub DAS Lesti. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif yang dimulai dari uji konsistensi data hujan, deleniasi batas DAS, perhitungan hujan rancangan dan juga perhitungan debit limpasan permukaan sampai menggambarkannya secara spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 kecamatan di Sub DAS Lesti, wilayah yang perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai lokasi prioritas konservasi dari sudut pandang besarnya debit limpasan permukaan adalah Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, Kecamatan Dampit dan Kecamatan Bantur, Kecamatan Ampelgading serta sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan yang berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Dampit. The Lesti sub-watershed, which is entirely in Malang Regency, is the widest sub-watershed of the upstream Brantas watershed, which has the biggest role in contributing river flow which impacts downstream in the Sengguruh Reservoir. The current condition of surface runoff distribution in Lesti Sub-watershed is based on the latest data on rain and land use, which has not been widely discussed by policy makers. Information on the distribution and proportion of surface runoff in watershed areas is interesting to study further in order to give consideration to watershed conservation efforts. This study aims to calculate surface runoff and its distribution as a basis for policy makers to determine priority locations for conservation efforts in the Lesti sub-watersheds. The analytical method used is quantitative, which starts from the consistency test of rain data, watershed boundary deleniation, calculation of design rainfall and also calculation of surface runoff discharge to describe it spatially. The results showed that from 12 sub-districts in Lesti Sub-watershed, the areas that need to be considered as priority conservation locations from the point of view of surface runoff discharges are Tirtoyudo subdistrict, Dampit Subdistrict and Bantur Subdistrict, Ampelgading Subdistrict and parts of Sumbermanjing Wetan Subdistrict bordering Dampit Subdistrict

Influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Presence in the Biodegradability study of Solvent-based and Water-based Dispersant in Oil Spill Handling

Oil-Spill Dispersant (OSD) reduces interfacial tensions of oil and water turning oil spill into droplets that makes crude oil easier to be degraded by hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of dispersant utilization (solvent-based and water-based) related its performance efficiency in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was carrried out in laboratory, varying Dispersant-Oil Ratio (DOR) into 3 levels (1:8, 1:20, 1:25) and carbon source adaptation into 3 levels (0%, 1%, 2%). The total number of samples prepared was 84, consist of 21 samples without Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition and 63 samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is measured using gravimetric method to determine the biodegradation of crude oil. Also measured are pH of samples with Pseudomonas aeruginosa addition and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) value of samples with dispersants. Data were evaluated using ANOVA. The result shows Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the ability to degrades crude oil despite the presence of dispersant, whereas the use of water-based dispersant showed better biodegradation ability than solvent-based OSD usage. Dispersant effectiveness of solvent-based and water-based is 33% and biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieved 25% in 72 hours

A Model of Environmental Harmony towards Sustainable Walk-up Flats Community in Kemayoran-Jakarta

How to create a sustainable community is the main problem in the urban settlement development. It is no exception for the walk-up flats development. The general objective of this research was to formulate the model of environmental harmony to create a sustainable walk-up flats community. There are three specific objectives. The fisrt is to prove the effect of individual on the sustainability of community. It was used the survey methode using questionnaire and the regression analysis to test the conceptual model. The second is to identify the effort to create a sustainable community. It was used the interview which directed to find it.  The third is to recognize the characteristics of the model of environmental harmony. It was achieved by sintesize the output of the first and the second objectives. The results were: 1) the individual affects the sustainability of community significantly; 2) to create the community sustainability needs the law enforcement at the flats which depend on the local leadership; 3) the nature of the model is a dynamics which includes individual harmony, social harmony, and harmony with other elements of the walk-up flats environment which synergizes each other. Keywords: environmental harmony, sustainable community, walk-up flats, elements of environmen

Bench scale study of moving bed biofilm reactor application as pre-treatment of raw water for water treatment plant (Case study: Pesanggrahan River)

The quality of surface water in Jakarta is on a serious polluted status. In order to reduce the Water Treatment processing load, a pre-treatment process is needed to eliminate parameters such as organic matter, ammonia, color, taste, and odor. This treatment generally uses chemical and physical processes, such as chlorination and activated carbon that produce harmful byproducts. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is one of the solutions developed to reduce the nutrient and organic levels in raw water. This study aims to improve the quality of raw water, by reducing the concentration of COD, NH3-N, Phosphate, and TSS before entering the conventional process. Reactor performance is assessed based on contaminant removal efficiency with variation of residence time (1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours). The reactor is operated by using Kaldness K1 as the medium and oxygen supply of 7 L/min. The optimum residence time is 1,5 hours with the ability to remove COD, NH3-N, Phosphate, TSS 51.8% ± 0.2; 54.3% ± 0.28; 52.6% ± 0.19; and 77.7% ± 0.14 respectively. Based on the optimum residence time, the kinetics of the ammonia removal rate in MBBR takes place at zero order, with a rate constant removal of 0.0056 g/m2.day. The results showed that the higher concentration of ammonia, and organic contaminants treated, the higher the efficiency of MBBR. Apart from water quality improvement, pre-treatment process using MBBR can reduce coagulant dose from 50 mg/L to 9 mg/L, to decrease raw water turbidity from 135 NTU to 0.68 NTU before entering the coagulation-flocculation unit

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit Hidroksi Sodalit dari Limbah Padat Abu Layang PLTU Batubara

Coal burning process in steam powered electric generator plants functioned to generate electricity energy. This process produce kinds of waste, such as solid waste, waste water, and emission. One of the solid waste produced in this process is fly ash. Fly ash is categorized as hazardous waste, it also can buildup in the landfill because of its massive production. However, fly ash has the potential as a raw material to produce synthetic zeolite because it contains metal oxide which is quite high. In this study, class F coal fly ash was synthesized by combining hydrothermal and fusion method. Synthesized fly ash and zeolite are characterized so that the chemical composition can be analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence; the mineralogy analyzed by X-ray Diffraction; the surface morphology analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy; and the particle size analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer. The synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash in this study result hydroxy-sodalite zeolite type. In addition, this synthesis process increases the surface area of the previous fly ash. From the characteristics of zeolite from this synthesis it can be conclude that this zeolite can be approved as an adsorbent for the removal of liquid or gas pollutants in environmental technology applications with further research. ABSTRAKProses yang terjadi pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap untuk menghasilkan energi listrik adalah melalui unit proses pembakaran batubara. Proses ini akan menghasilkan limbah padat, cair, maupun udara. Salah satu limbah padat yang dihasilkan adalah abu layang. Limbah abu layang ini dikatagorikan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun, serta dapat terjadinya penumpukan di tempat penimbunan akhir karena produksinya yang sangat tinggi. Namun, abu layang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku dalam memproduksi zeolit sintetik karena kandungan oksida logamnya yang cukup tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, abu layang batu bara kelas F disintesis dengan metode gabungan fusi-hidrotermal. Abu layang dan zeolit yang disintesis dikarakterisasi agar dapat dianalisis komposisi kimianya dengan X-ray Flourescence; mineraloginya dengan X-ray Diffraction; morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy; serta distribusi partikel dengan Particle Size Analyzer. Proses sintesis zeolit dari abu layang batubara pada penelitian ini menghasilkan zeolit jenis hidroksi sodalit. Selain itu, proses sintesis ini meningkatkan luas permukaan dari abu layang sebelumnya. Dari karakteristik zeolit hasil sintesis ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa zeolit ini dapat berpotensi sebagai adsorben untuk penyisihan polutan cair maupun gas pada aplikasi teknologi lingkungan dengan penelitian lebih lanjut.Kata kunci : abu layang; zeolit; hidroxi-sodalit; sintesis; fusi-hidroterma

Enhancing lead adsorption in waste lubricant oil with activated clay as bleaching earth

Waste lubricant oil is categorized as hazardous waste that contains several contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and heavy metals. Among these contaminants, lead has been known as one of the contributive contaminants in used lubricant oil in varied concentrations. To remove this contaminant, adsorption process was carried out by using clay as natural adsorbent (bleaching earth). In order to enhance the adsorption efficiency, the clay was activated by acidification with 1 M, 1.5M, 2 M H2SO4 or calcination in the temperature 300°C, 450°C, 600°C. The activated clay indicated the increase of montmorillonite percentage in clay up to 68% and clay’s surface area up to 67 m2/g from its origin characteristics. The adsorption process showed notable improvement of clay adsorption capacity in removing lead in shorter contact time. The lead removal curve showed that the optimum adsorption condition can be obtained by the use of activated clay with 1.5 M H2SO4 and calcined in temperature 450°C. The optimum adsorption contact time with acid and calcination activated clay was 30 minutes and 180 minutes respectively

Perbandingan Laju Lindi Landfill Kelas I dan II untuk Limbah NORM dari Industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi Menggunakan Model Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)

In the process of oil and gas production, it can produce large amounts of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) with increased radioactivity as by-products. NORM disposal methods currently used in the oil gas industry are landfills, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. The biggest threat to groundwater caused by landfills is leachate. This study is a comparison of the leachate rates of Class I and Class II Landfill results using the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) modeling software developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). For the operational phase, there were significant differences in leachate rate from the base layer between Class I and Class II landfills. For the phase after closure of waste, Class I and Class II landfills have the same performance in terms of holding back the rate of leachate.  ABSTRAKDalam proses produksi minyak dan gas dapat menghasilkan sejumlah besar Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) dengan konsentrasi radioaktivitas yang meningkat sebagai limbah hasil samping. Metode pembuangan NORM yang saat ini digunakan dalam industri minyak gas adalah landfill, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. Ancaman terbesar terhadap air tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh landfill adalah air lindi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan laju lindi landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II berdasarkan hasil menggunakan software pemodelan Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) yang dikembangkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Untuk fase operasional ditemukan perbedaan laju lindi dari lapisan dasar yang signifikan antara landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II. Untuk fase setelah penutupan limbah, landfill kelas I dan kelas II memiliki kinerja yang sama dalam hal menahan laju produksi air lindi.Kata kunci : NORM; landfill; lindi; HEL

The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Addition on Volatile Solid Destruction and Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction of Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion

Process instability often occurs in anaerobic digestion (AD) due to inhibitors, such as the high sodium content in food waste. Recent studies have reported that magnesium can reduce the sodium ion’s toxicity towards methanogens. This study aimed to analyze the effect of magnesium addition to Volatile Solids Destruction (VSD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, and biogas production in AD of food waste. The experiment consisted of two phases, the control phase and the experimental phase, without and with MgSO4, respectively. The control phase results were: average COD reduction, VSD, and methane yield up to 80.9%, 87.6%, 340 mL CH4/gr VS/day, respectively. The experimental phase results were: average COD reduction, VSD, and methane yield up to 78.5%, 83.9%, 125 mL CH4/gr VS/day, respectively. Overall, the study’s results showed that MgSO4 had a negative impact on VSD and methane yield. The addition of MgSO4 seemed to cause instability in the AD system, which resulted in a decrease in the VSD value and a decrease in the methane concentration.&nbsp

Dynamic Vehicle Emissions Reduction with Technical and Behavioral Approach

International audienceThis paper describes the case study of Semanggi intersection in Jakarta, a dynamic model of emission reduction in the land transportation sector. The urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables, feedback loops, and is influenced by social, economic and environmental factors. The proposed model consists of two submodels: Vehicle Fleet and Emission Calculation. The model runs in Powersim Studio software using data from the Indonesia Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, and the Traffic Management Centre of the Indonesian National Police. The test was conducted by developing two scenarios: Business As Usual and Intention. The estimated results to be obtained using the first scenario in 2021 should be 1,113,398 units, while the second scenario is estimated to produce 850,733 units. We hypothesize that the Intentional Approach will have a more significant impact than the Technical Approach, which requires more investment. The Intentional Approach is designed to improve the intention of private car users to switch to public transportation. The Technical Approach to the emission measurement of every vehicle in a certain area is the data of vehicle emission which are usually taken to determine the current condition. This research will no doubt have a positive impact on emission reduction in Jakarta