Myeloid Sarcoma in a One-Month-Old Infant

Myeloid sarcoma, which sometimes accompanies recurrent systemic leukemia, is a rare manifestation of congenital leukemia. We describe the case of a 1-month-old Japanese girl with myeloid sarcoma, who did not fulfill the criteria of systemic leukemia. The physical examination revealed a bruise-like plaque on the right side of her chest. Histopathologically, there were CD4+ CD56– CD68+ atypical large lymphocytes densely infiltrating the upper dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. Biopsy specimens from bone marrow contained only 3.4% of blast cells, showing an abnormality of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene. The skin lesions disappeared 10 days after chemotherapy, and there was no recurrence for one and a half years

Therapy-Resistant, Spontaneously Remitting Generalized Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis in a Healthy Patient Decreases the Expression of Dermcidin in Affected Eccrine Glands

We describe a healthy 69-year-old Japanese man with generalized neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH). He visited our outpatient clinic with a 15-year history of disseminated pruritic papules on his trunk and extremities; the eruptions, however, were limited to the summer months. Histological findings reveal a dense accumulation of neutrophils around the sweat glands with degenerated secretary coils. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of dermcidin on the secretory portion of eccrine glands was significantly decreased in the affected lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first report in English of generalized NEH in a healthy adult that shows the downregulation of the expression of dermcidin in affected eccrine glands

Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Botryomycosis with a Combination of Minocycline and Topical Heat Therapy

Cutaneous botryomycosis is a chronic focal infection characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment requires antibiotic therapy and may also require surgical debridement. We employed topical heat therapy and oral minocycline. The lesions became flattened and pigmented after 1 month. We consider that this simple treatment can be an effective and harmless complementary therapy for cutaneous botryomycosis

Cutaneous Lymphadenoma: A Case Report and Immunohistochemical Study

Cutaneous lymphadenoma is a rare neoplasm, and characterized by a florid mononuclear cell infiltration that appears to be an integral component of the tumor. Several reports suggested that these infiltrated lymphocytes mainly consist of T cells and Langerhans cells, but no detailed phenotypical analysis of these cells has been demonstrated yet. In this report, we describe a 70-year-old Japanese patient with cutaneous lymphadenoma. In the present case, we investigated the immunohistochemical profiles of tumor-infiltrating cells in cutaneous lymphadenoma, especially focusing on the profiles of T cell subsets. In addition, there are abundant mucin deposits within the tumor stroma, and tumor lobules are composed of BerEP4-positive cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that employed immunohistochemical staining of cutaneous lymphadenoma to verify the types of cells composing such tumors with special focus on the profiles of the T cell subsets

Basal Cell Carcinoma with Spontaneous Regression: A Case Report and Immunohistochemical Study

Spontaneous regression of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is rare, and characterized by various tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor. A previous report suggested that these infiltrated lymphocytes consist of type 1 helper T cells, but no detailed phenotypical analysis of other TILs has been demonstrated yet. In this report, we describe an 84-year-old Japanese patient with spontaneous regression of BCC. In the present case, we investigated the immunohistochemical profiles of TILs, not only focusing on the cytotoxic T cells, but the profiles of immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Our present study sheds light on the immunological mechanisms of tumor rejection in human BCC

Rapid Growth of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Associated with Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Cushing's Syndrome

We describe a 50-year-old Japanese patient with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) rapidly growing after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome that reduced the serum level of cortisol from 17.1 to 0.8 mg/dl. It is known that glucocorticoids decrease the transcriptions of the COL1A1 gene and the PDGFB gene, which is under the direct control of the COL1A1 gene in most DFSP. Therefore, the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids in Cushing's syndrome might suppress the development of DFSP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of rapid growth of DFSP that may be associated with bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome

Redox Imbalance Induced by Contact Sensitizers Triggers the Maturation of Dendritic Cells

Although p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) play a crucial role in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) by contact sensitizers, the upstream signals of p38 MAPK remain undetermined. To examine whether sensitizers induce redox or oxidative stress in dendritic cells (DC), which subsequently stimulate p38 MAPK, we measured the ratio of the oxidized (GSSG) versus reduced (GSH) form of cellular glutathione in MoDC stimulated with five sensitizers including NiCl2 and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and three non-sensitizers including sodium dodecyl sulfate using colorimetric assays. All the sensitizers, but none of the non-sensitizers at sublethal concentration, reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio, which was accompanied by phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which suppressed the reduction of the GSH/GSSG ratio, abrogated both the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the augmentation of CD86 expression. A similar response pattern was observed in THP-1 macrophage-monocyte cells. Unexpectedly, however, formaldehyde (HCHO) reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio in MoDC, but not in THP-1. This finding, in conjunction with the observation that DNCB and NiCl2 reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio at different kinetics, indicated that the sensitizers reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio by a different mechanism. These data suggest that the GSH/GSSG imbalance plays a crucial role in triggering DC maturation by sensitizers

Infantile Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the Scalp Associated with Klippel-Feil Syndrome

ArticleACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA. 90(2):200-201 (2010)journal articl

Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum in an Immunosuppressive Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Phaeohyphomycosis (PHM) is a rare, deep fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by dematiaceous fungi. In this report, we describe a case of PHM caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum, which is generally known to infect woody plants. We detected the gray-blackish villi by biopsy culture material, and slide culture revealed the conidia arising from slightly tapering phialides. Furthermore, we differentiated these fungi as P. rubrigenum by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm. We performed surgical debridement of disseminated nodules and administered oral itraconazole for a duration of 4 weeks. One year after stopping itraconazole, there was no sign of relapsing subcutaneous nodules. To our knowledge, this is the third case report of PHM developing from skin infection by P. rubrigenum in human

CD30-Positive Angioinvasive Lymphomatoid Papulosis (Type E) Developing from Parapsoriasis en Plaque

Angioinvasive lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a rare variant characterized by angiocentric and angiodestructive features with CD30+ CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration. In rare cases, LyP type E is concomitant with mycosis fungoides, but there is no English report that describe LyP type E developing from parapsoriasis en plaque. In this report, we described a case of angioinvasive LyP (type E) developing from parapsoriasis en plaque, in which we employed immunohistochemical staining for the investigation of its pathomechanisms