Water Quality Modeling For Pollutant Carrying Capacity Assessment Using Qual2Kw In Bedog River

Considering the abundance of potential pollutant sources along Bedog River, i.e. highly dense residential areas, agricultural lands, and industrial areas, this study aimed to quantitatively assess the Pollutant Load (PL) and Pollutant Carrying Capacity (PCC) of the river based on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)parameters. The assessment employed a water quality modeling using Qual2Kw that provided not only the comprehensive values of PL and PCC but also the amount of PL that should be reduced to meet the PCC of every river segment. Water sampling and primary parameter measurement were conducted purposively in seven observation points, which included one point source and six non-point sources (river segments). River segments were determined according to the characteristics of land use and drainage system. Descriptive, graphic, and spatial analyses on water quality modeling show that the COD and BOD of Bedog River (2.24 km) indicates a small presence of PL compared to the river’s PCC. The PCC allows additional pollutant loads of 566.95 kg/day or 0.024 ton/hour BOD and 22,965.12 kg/day or 0.96 ton/hour COD. However, a high BOD in segments 3, 5, and 6 and a high COD in segment 5 imply the needs for PL reduction

Legal Certainty on Land Ownership Rights Above Management Rights

The development of legal product shows its influence with the occurrence of a tug-of-war pattern between responsive legal products and conservative legal products. The formal legal policy of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (UUCK) starts from the government's political will, which is expected to be able to break the chain of bureaucracy and harmonize government policies to support the investment climate. One of the efforts is a change in legal products in agrarian affairs related to Hak Milik and Hak Pengelolaan. Hak Milik can be issued on Hak Pengelolaan land, but the nature of Hak Milik as the strongest and most complete right over the land will experience ambiguity if issued on Hak Pengelolaan land as a state-controlled right that does not result in the cancellation or release of Hak Milik. This results in a lack of legal certainty regarding the position of Hak Milik. This study examines how Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 concerning Hak Pengelolaan, Hak Atas Tanah, Condominium Units, and Land Registration as a derivative of UUCK provides legal certainty for Hak Milik standing on Hak Pengeloaan. The results of the study show that Hak Milik, Hak Guna Bangunan and Hak Pakai issued on Hak Pengelolaan do not result in the cancellation of the legal relationship with the holder of Hak Pengelolaan. Hak Pengelolaan can be released through a mechanism of releasing rights, the process of which is reported to the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial and then released as state land for subsequent application for the issuance of Hak Milik to eligible right applicants and Hak Pengelolaan will automatically be cancelled if Hak Milik have been issued on Hak Pengelolaan based on a letter of approval from the holder of Hak Pengelolaa