Phytoremediation of Lead Polluted Soil by Glycine max

A study was designed to assess the phytoextraction potential of Glycine max L. for lead (Pb). Pots experiment was conducted. Viable seeds were planted in 5 kg of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Pb respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Glycine max L. compared to the unpolluted soil. Leaf, stem, seeds and roots of the plant were analyzed for Pb uptake after 12 weeks. The plants mopped up substantial concentration of Pb in the above plant biomass of the seeds (4.2 mg/kg), stem (1.37 mg/kg) and leaves (3.37 mg/kg) compared to concentrations in the roots (1.53 mg/kg). The phytoextraction ability of the plant was assessed in terms of its bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of Pb in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bioavailable pool of Pb was translocated from the root to seeds, leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggest that the plant has phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with Pb

Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria

This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.373530

Microbial-aided phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil: a review

Anthropogenic exercises as well as industrial enterprise and agricultural practices contribute considerably to the degradation and contamination of environment that considerably affects the soil. The normal physical and chemical know-how soil washing used for soil remediation render the land useless as a medium for plant growth, as they take away all biological activities. Others are labor-intensive and have high maintenance value phytoremediation, a cheaper and sustainable in situ remediation technique was so thought of. This data can enable proposing solutions to issues of contamination and eventually convalescent sites and soils. However, plants don't have the aptitude to degrade several soil waste matters particularly the organic pollutant. It's so imperative to require advantage of the degrading ability of soil microorganisms. This review so focuses on phytoremediation techniques improved by microbial colonies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.324417

Phytoremediation of Lead Polluted Soil by Glycine max L

A study was designed to assess the phytoextraction potential of Glycine max L. for lead (Pb). Pots experiment was conducted. Viable seeds were planted in 5 kg of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Pb respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Glycine max L. compared to the unpolluted soil. Leaf, stem, seeds and roots of the plant were analyzed for Pb uptake after 12 weeks. The plants mopped up substantial concentration of Pb in the above plant biomass of the seeds (4.2 mg/kg), stem (1.37 mg/kg) and leaves (3.37 mg/kg) compared to concentrations in the roots (1.53 mg/kg). The phytoextraction ability of the plant was assessed in terms of its bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of Pb in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bioavailable pool of Pb was translocated from the root to seeds, leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggest that the plant has phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with Pb

Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria

This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.373530

Microbial-aided phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil: a review

Anthropogenic exercises as well as industrial enterprise and agricultural practices contribute considerably to the degradation and contamination of environment that considerably affects the soil. The normal physical and chemical know-how soil washing used for soil remediation render the land useless as a medium for plant growth, as they take away all biological activities. Others are labor-intensive and have high maintenance value phytoremediation, a cheaper and sustainable in situ remediation technique was so thought of. This data can enable proposing solutions to issues of contamination and eventually convalescent sites and soils. However, plants don't have the aptitude to degrade several soil waste matters particularly the organic pollutant. It's so imperative to require advantage of the degrading ability of soil microorganisms. This review so focuses on phytoremediation techniques improved by microbial colonies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.324417

REMEDIATION OF ZINC CONTAMINATED SOIL USING Acalypha wilkesiana

A study was premeditated to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of Acalypha wilkesiana for zinc (Zn) remediation. Sets of pot experiment were conducted. Stems of Acalypha wilkesiana were planted in five kilograms of soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm of Zn respectively. The study was carried out for a period of 12 weeks under natural conditions. Physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Acalypha wilkesiana when compared to the zinc free soil. Leaves, stems and roots of the plant were analyzed for Zn uptake after 12 weeks. The plant mopped up substantial concentrations of Zn in the stem (6.21 ppm) and leaves (8.23 ppm) compared to concentrations in the roots (6.08 ppm). The phytoextraction ability of the plants was assessed in terms of its metal bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). It was observed that the levels of the Zn in the roots and shoots after 12 weeks showed that more bio-available pool of Zn was translocated from the root to the leaves and stem in that order. The results obtained suggests that the plant have phytoextraction capability and could be used in re-establishing soil polluted with Zn

Microbiological, Nutritional, and Sensory Quality of Bread Produced from Wheat and Potato Flour Blends

Dehydrated uncooked potato (Irish and sweet) flour was blended by weight with commercial wheat flour at 0 to 10% levels of substitution to make bread. Comparative study of the microbial and nutritional qualities of the bread was undertaken. The total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 3.0 × 10 5 cfu/g to 1.09 × 10 6 cfu/g while the fungal counts ranged from 8.0 × 10 1 cfu/g to 1.20 × 10 3 cfu/g of the sample. Coliforms were not detected in the bread. Bacteria isolated were species of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus while fungi isolates were species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Mucor. The mean sensory scores (color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptability) were evaluated. The color of the bread baked from WF/IPF 2 (wheat/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%) blend was preferred to WF (wheat flour, 100%) while WF/SPF 1 (wheat/sweet potato flour, 100%) and WF/IPF 1 (wheat/Irish potato flour, 90 : 10%) aroma were preferred to WF. However, the bread baked from WF, WF/IPF 2 (wheat flour/Irish potato flour, 95 : 5%), and WF/SPF 2 (wheat/sweet potato flour, 95 : 5%) was more acceptable than other blends. The use of hydrated potato flour in bread making is advantageous due to increased nutritional value, higher bread yield, and reduced rate of staling

Bioactive compounds of insects for food use: Potentialities and risks

Insects are an alternative source of human and animal food that not only have nutritional characteristics and important bioactive compounds, but also can help reduce the impact of chronic non-communicable diseases; thus, derivatives from insects are a great contribution to the food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the present work was to highlight the chemical composition, main bioactive compounds, and anti-nutritional factors present in some insects and their applications as raw materials in the food and pharmaceutical industry through the analysis of different studies. Results indicated that entomophagy was included in the diet of many regions in the world and that it is going to become a significant component in the food industry. It was also found that bioactive compounds with potential functional properties within the chemical composition of insects such as an appropriate digestibility between 54 % and 86 %, peptides between 35 % and 77 % and other nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates that can be a great contribution to nutrition and reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Global agencies are of the opinion that edible insects are the viable option to over the food scarcity. However, use of food matrices from insects raises safety issues, such as anti-nutritional factors allergenicity and capacity to harbor toxins such as oxalates, tannins, alkaloids, phytates and saponins or pathogens and heavy metal. Insights presented in this work are useful to insect business (such as farmers, producers of edible insect products and consultants), researchers, and policy makers. Such insights can be an initiative for insect food companies in many ways, such as to forge collaborations with different bodies (researchers, peoples, government), improve perception of insect consumption, promote market acceptance, identify new and native edible insect species, make ecologically sustainable insect food companies, produce nutritious and delicious insect-based foods, etc