Surface circulation and transport in the mozambique channel

Surface circulation and transport in the Mozambique Channel have been determined using altimetry and the hydrographic section along 25 S covered during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. Vertical sections of potential temperature and salinity are prepared to understand the water characteristics. The meridional component of geostrophic velocity is computed referring to the deepest common depth between stations. The mean circulation field exhibits the strong Mozambique current in the northern part of the Channel. But, it is weakened and embedded with anticyclonic eddies towards south. The geostrophic flow reveals the eddy circulation in the Mozambique Channel. The meridional volume and heat transports have been estimated and presented with respect longitude. Both the net volume transport and the heat transport are towards south and are 22.8 Sv and 0.7 pw respectively

Refined geoid model for the United Arab Emirates

A precise gravimetric geoid plays a role of tremendous importance in successful military operations. This work is aimed to determine the precise gravimetric geoid of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In doing so, the GRAVSOFT package is used in computing the 1-D and 2-D FFT gravimetric geoids for the UAE between 23º N to 27º N and 52º E to 56º E. The new precise geoid has been computed and determined based on the GRS80 reference ellipsoid. The geometric geoid (NGPS) at 157 GPS/Levelling stations has been used in evaluating the accuracy of the newly computed gravimetric geoid. Results show that GPS–derived ellipsoidal height of the selected GPS points with accuracy of ±3 cm. Further, the standard deviation of the difference between gravimetric geoid and geometric geoid indicates how well the fitting of the two surfaces. Meanwhile, the mean of the difference indicates how the two surfaces are vertically shifted with respect to the geometric geoids. In addition, the new gravimetric geoid heights that have been computed at 19 checking points (BMs) showing agreement with the corresponding geometric geoid heights at ±5cm level of accuracy. With additional gravity data over land and marine area of the UAE, the precision of the geoid would be improved for the future GPS/Levelling applicatio

Pengenalan kepada Bahasa Pengaturcaraan C

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu isi kandungan pengenalan kepada sistem komputer, komputer, komponen komputer, peranti input, unit pemprosesan pusat, peranti output, peranti storan sekunder, pengenalan kepada bahasa pengaturcaraan C, pengenalan, persekitaran pembangunan c, unsur-unsur bahasa C, arahan prapemproses, prototaip fungsi utama, pembolehubah dan pemalar, pembolehuban, nama pembolehubah, jenis pembolehubah, kata simpan, pengisytiharan pembolehubah, jenis data, jenis data integer (int, jenis data aksara (char), jenis data nyata, pemalar, pemalar integer, pemalar nyata, pemalar aksava, input (masukan) dan output (keluaran), fungsi printf, mencetak rentetan, mencetak nilai, fungsi scanf, input pembolehubah, pengoperasi dan ungkapan, pengoperasi aritmetik asas, operasi bahagi, operasi modulo, ungkapan aritmetik, pemyataan umpukan, pemyataan umpukan mudah, pemyataan umpukan berganda, pemyataan umpukan majmuk, pengoperasian hubungan, pengoperasi mantik, pengoperasi tokok dan susut, struktur kawalan pilihan, struktur kawalan asas, pemyataan if, pemyataan switch dan break, struktur kawalan ulangan, pemyataan for, pemyataan while serta pemyataan do-while

Technique for Integrating the Digital Coordinated Cadastral Data With Mapping Data (Module C)

To Design several experiments employing various techniques related to integration issues that can assure the quality and integrity of GIS output, To propose techniques of integrating DCDB and CAMS data in the GIS environments so that users of the data sets can obtain output for their applications

Accuracy analysis of polynomial rectification for Quickbird imagery

Geometric rectification is a process to relate space coordinate systems of satellite imagery with the ground coordinate systems. Rectification involves georeferencing in which ground coordinates are assign to image data. Photogrammetric data extraction from satellite imagery can be done after the image being geometrically corrected. There are several rectification methods proposed by photogrammetric remote sensing experts. Each method is having its own characteristics in term of mathematical model used, geometrical accuracy and computation constrains. Conventional polynomial rectification was reported as not suitable for geometric rectification of high resolution satellite imagery. The study is conducted to access and evaluate the accuracy of polynomial rectification for QuickBird imagery. Analysis will be focused to the effect of 1st, 2nd and 3rd polynomial order on rectified imagery. This paper briefly reviews polynomial rectification model and presented the result of the study. Sub-pixel accuracy can be achieved for fairly flat area

Geodesi asas

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu kandungan pengenalan kepada bidang geodesi, konsep, kegunaan dan peranan dalam bidang pengukuran, permukaan rujukan geodesi dan hubungannya, topografi, geoid dan elipsoid, hubungan antara permukaan-permukaan rujukan geodesi, geometri elipsoid, saiz dan bentuk elipsoid, koordinat elipsoid, jejari-jejari kelengkungan elipsoid, hitungan jarak dan luas di atas elipsoid, jejari purata bumi, lengkungan di atas elipsoid, sistem koordinat, koordinat cartesian, koordinat geodesi, koordinat toposentrik, koordinat geosentrik, hitungan di atas permukaan elipsoid, masalah terus dan songsang, formula-formula menghitung garisan di atas elipsoid, astrogeodetik, hubungan antara koordinat astronomi dengan koordinat geodesi, pesongan tegak dan persamaan laplace

Development of mobile mapping system using GPS and photogrammetry technique

The development of Mobile Mapping System (MMS) is still at initial stage in Malaysia. The research in MMS has been carried out quite awhile since the first prototype introduced by the Center of Mapping at The Ohio State University (Bossler et.al., 1991). This system integrates some navigation sensor such as Global Positioning System (GPS), inertial navigation system (INS) and mapping sensor such as Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera. The strength of the MMS lays in their ability to directly georeferenced their mapping sensor by GPS. A mapping sensor is georeferenced when it is positioned and orientated relative to a known mapping coordinate frame. Once georeferenced, the mapping sensor can be used to determine the position of object points bases on the digital image in the same mapping coordinate frame. This research concentrates on georeferencing the geographic and topographic features and updating a GIS (Geographic Information System) base map using consumer digital camera and GPS positioning technique. The GPS provides the position of the camera and the images from the camera are used to determine the geodetic position of the object points using PhotoModeler software and developed program

Development of land based mobile mapping system using GPS and close range photogrammetry technique

The development of Mobile Mapping System (MMS) is still at initial stage in Malaysia. The research in MMS has been carried out quite awhile since the first prototype introduced by the Center of Mapping at The Ohio State University (Bossler et.al.,1991). This system integrates some navigation sensor such as Global Positioning System (GPS), inertial navigation system (INS) and mapping sensor such as Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera. The strength of the MMS lays in their ability to directly georeferenced their mapping sensor by GPS. A mapping sensor is georeferenced when it is positioned and orientated relative to a known mapping coordinate frame. Once georeferenced, the mapping sensor can be used to determine the position of object points bases on the digital image in the same mapping coordinate frame. This research concentrates on georeferencing the geographic and topographic features and updating a GIS (Geographic Information System) base map using consumer digital camera and GPS positioning technique. The GPS provides the position of the camera and the images from the camera are used to determine the geodetic position of the object points using PhotoModeler software and developed program

Development of land-based Mobile Mapping System (MMS) using GPS and close range photogrametry technique

The last two decades have shown an increasing trend in use of GPS technology in several applications in Malaysia which including land vehicles and automated car navigation, GPS-equipped KLIA limousines, land and marine survey job which currently applied in private sector and DSMM (Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia), deformation monitoring, etc.This research is concentrate on the geo-referencing the geographic and topography features and update a GIS (Geographic Information System) map using a consumer digital camera and GPS positioning technique. The GPS provided the position of the camera and the images from the camera are used to determine the positions of the objects

Study of sea level variation of exclusive economic zone of Malaysia

Since a decade, satellite altimetry has demonstrated its capability in measuring temporal change of the global mean sea level with a precision better than 1 mm/year. Here, sea level variation for four areas in Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Malaysia have been investigated using eleven years of Topex altimetry data. The recently updated environmental and geophysical corrections were applied in altimetry data processing. The analysis of Topex data presented is based on cycle by cycle averages using GOT00.2b and FES2002 ocean tide model. The time series of dynamic sea surface elevation clearly show El Niño effect on the end of 1997 and sea level rising in EEZ of Malaysia. Linear term of sea level variation for those areas are estimated at a rate between 2.5 – 8.8 mm/year. Comparison results between two ocean tide present that GOT00.2b better than FES2002 for shallow water such as Malacca Strait