The usage of infrared thermography to investigate spatial variations of heat transfer at spray cooling

In present paper new approach to study heat transfer at spray cooling, based on the using of high-speed infrared thermography with high spatial resolution is proposed. Also in the paper new data on basic spray parameters, including sizes and velocities of droplets at different pressure at the nozzle inlet were obtained with the use of shadow technique and high-speed video camera. It is found, that heat transfer coefficient is unequally spatially distributed value and essentially depends on flow rate in the stationary irrigation mode. The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on a distance between spray source and heat exchange surface is obtained and an optimal distance corresponding to the maximum heat transfer intensity at present configuration of irrigation points relatively to the heating surface is determined

The usage of infrared thermography to investigate spatial variations of heat transfer at spray cooling

In present paper new approach to study heat transfer at spray cooling, based on the using of high-speed infrared thermography with high spatial resolution is proposed. Also in the paper new data on basic spray parameters, including sizes and velocities of droplets at different pressure at the nozzle inlet were obtained with the use of shadow technique and high-speed video camera. It is found, that heat transfer coefficient is unequally spatially distributed value and essentially depends on flow rate in the stationary irrigation mode. The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on a distance between spray source and heat exchange surface is obtained and an optimal distance corresponding to the maximum heat transfer intensity at present configuration of irrigation points relatively to the heating surface is determined

Leaks in the internal water supply piping systems

Great water losses in the internal plumbing of a building lead to the waste of money for a fence, purification and supply of water volumes in excess. This does not support the concept of water conservation and resource saving lying today in the basis of any building’s construction having plumbing. Leakage means unplanned of water losses systems in domestic water supply systems (hot or cold) as a result of impaired integrity, complicating the operation of a system and leading to high costs of repair and equipment restoration. A large number of leaks occur in old buildings, where the regulatory service life of pipelines has come to an end, and the scheduled repair for some reason has not been conducted. Steel pipelines are used in the systems without any protection from corrosion and they get out of order. Leakages in new houses are also not uncommon. They usually occur as a result of low-quality adjustment of the system by workers. It also important to note the absence of certain skills of plumbers, who don’t conduct the inspections of in-house systems in time. Sometimes also the residents themselves forget to keep their pipeline systems and water fittings in their apartment in good condition. Plumbers are not systematically invited for preventive examinations to detect possible leaks in the domestic plumbing. The amount of unproductive losses increases while simultaneous use of valve tenants, and at the increase of the number of residents in the building. Water leaks in the system depend on the amount of water system piping damages, and damages of other elements, for example, water valves, connections, etc. The pressure in the leak area also plays an important role

Construction of water intake facilities from partially drying up watercourses

Partially ephemeral streams are complex objects that can still be used for water supply or irrigation of agricultural land. The problem of such streams is poorly studied, because the influence of various environmental factors complicates carrying out any experiments. Also it is not possible to make their full classification due to their very strong variability not only on a particular geographical belt, but also within separate areas of the river. All this undoubtedly complicates the task of the designers when designing the system. Creation of laboratory models, allowing us to evaluate the possibilities of a spring use for the purpose of water supply, is very promising. These watercourses have a large amount of suspended sediments, so it is not possible to use the standard scheme of water using of the coastal and fluvial water intake structures. It is proposed to organize the fight with the sediments in the flow chart of primary clarifiers, which will perform the function of settling suspensions, to facilitate the work of water treatment facilities. Also the creation of artificial prop is useful in order to achieve the required level of water in a watercourse for water organization. If under the bottom of the river there is underground water, and the permeability of the soil is good, it is possible to arrange the withdrawal of water through infiltration intakes, by setting the filter under the bottom of the watercourse with its connection to filter, from which the water will climb to submersible pumps. Additional filtration through the soil of the river bottom allows not using the scheme sumps, which significantly reduces the cost of epy incoming water treatment