Overview of modern methods of treatment and disposal of sewage sludge

This article provides a brief overview of current methods for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge, such as soil application, landfill, incineration and anaerobic digestion. Municipal sewage sludge is an acute problem in both developed and developing countries. Researchers are conducting many experiments to solve this problem. They are many methods of disposal, neutralization or reuse of sediments after neutralization. The review of methods in this article will provide more information and further make the most appropriate and cost-effective choice for the use of sewage sludge

Study the Composition and Environmental Impact of Sewage Sludge

Abstract: The article examines the characteristics of sewage sludge and its impact on the environment. The description of technical installations, sludge sites in the city's sewage treatment systems, which are sources of unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological condition of the studied territory, is presented. A detailed analysis of the structure, composition and morphology of sludge sediment is given. It was found that the sludgepresents a loose, roughheterogeneous porous structure represented by the presence of a fibrous substrate with amorphous scaly-crystalline inclusions. During laboratory analyses of the composition of the dry residue, the presence of such types of heavy metals as chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium was revealed. The excess of permissible concentrations of chromium more than 7.1 at MPC – 6.0 by 1.18 times; copper more than 3.3 at MPC – 3.0 by 1.1 times; zinc more than 27.3 at MPC – 23.0 by 1.18 times; lead more than 34.3 at MPC – 32.0 by 1.07 times; cobalt more than 6.4 at MPC -5.0 by 1.28 times; molybdenum more than 6.9 at MPC – 5.0 by 1.3 times. Soil analysis revealed a pH of 7.1, which is neutral, may be optimal for plants; the concentration of calcium, iron and chromium does not exceed the established maximum permissible values. When analyzing the air environment of the territory of the treatment facilities, the presence of gaseous pollutants, such as methane, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, was established.It has been established that anthropogenic sludge landfills are sources that create a technogenic load on the atmospheric air, polluting it with methane, since the concentration of methane exceeds the MPC by more than 3 times

Intensification of the Wastewater Treatment Process of a Bitumen Plant with the Production of Recycled Water

The increasing demand for water with the industrialisation of the world is becoming a major problem as there is a water shortage all over the earth. Therefore, the water problem is one of the important problems that need to be effectively solved. This paper presents the results of research on wastewater treatment of bitumen production in the Mangystau region, which after physical and chemical treatment methods is sent to natural evaporation fields. As a result of research work, a method of wastewater treatment of bitumen plant was developed, which includes two stages: distillation of water on the solar plant and ozonation in order to oxidize volatile organic matter. Distillation to obtain primary treated water of 70–75% volume was carried out at 33–37 °C ambient temperature and 15–30 kPa rarefaction, at the same time COD of water was reduced by 68%

Study on the Composition and Environmental Impact of Sewage Sludge

The article examinee the characteristics of sewage sludge and its impact on the environment. The description of technical installations, sludge sites in the municipal wastewater treatment systems, which are sources of unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological condition of the studied territory, was presented. A detailed analysis of the structure, composition and morphology of sludge sediment was given. It was found that the sludge presents a loose, rough heterogeneous porous structure represented by the presence of a fibrous substrate with amorphous scaly-crystalline inclusions. During laboratory analyses of the composition of the dry residue, the presence of such types of heavy metals as chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium was revealed. The excess of permissible concentrations of various elements was observed: chromium more than 7.1 at MPC – 6.0 by 1.18 times; copper more than 3.3 at MPC – 3.0 by 1.1 times; zinc more than 27.3 at MPC – 23.0 by 1.18 times; lead more than 34.3 at MPC – 32.0 by 1.07 times; cobalt more than 6.4 at MPC – 5.0 by 1.28 times; molybdenum more than 6.9 at MPC – 5.0 by 1.3 times. Soil analysis revealed a pH of 7.1, which is neutral, may be optimal for plants; the concentration of calcium, iron and chromium does not exceed the established maximum permissible values. When analyzing the air environment of the territory of the treatment facilities, the presence of gaseous pollutants, such as methane, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, was established. It has been established that anthropogenic sludge landfills are the sources that create a technogenic load on the atmospheric air, polluting it with methane, since the concentration of methane exceeds the MPC by more than 3 times

Overview of modern methods of treatment and disposal of sewage sludge

This article provides a brief overview of current methods for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge, such as soil application, landfill, incineration and anaerobic digestion. Municipal sewage sludge is an acute problem in both developed and developing countries. Researchers are conducting many experiments to solve this problem. They are many methods of disposal, neutralization or reuse of sediments after neutralization. The review of methods in this article will provide more information and further make the most appropriate and cost-effective choice for the use of sewage sludge

Study of the Ecotoxicity of Oil-Containing Wastewater Treated in the Helio Installation by Biotesting Method

The article discusses the ecotoxicological properties of wastewater from a bitumen plant, as well as water treated in a solar installation. It also examines the toxicity of its constituent components. To assess the quality of purified water and its effect on plant vital activity, crops of oats, cucumbers and beets were grown as a test sample. The results of this research showed that water obtained through distillation of wastewater and decomposition of light petroleum fractions using ozone oxidation in a helium-containing setup is suitable for the cultivation of garden crops

Minimization of the Negative Environmental Impact of Oil Sludge by Using it in the Production of Bitumen

In this paper, the prevention of negative technogenic impact on the environment of oil sludge by using it as a secondary resource is considered. Oil sludge from various objects of oil fields in Kazakhstan (Mangystau region) has been studied. The possibilities of using oil (after its separation from oil sludge by bioremidiation) as a partial substitute for bitumen base in the production of modified bitumen are considered. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen are determined. The results confirm that the modified bitumen prepared with oil sludge and oil separated by bioremiation method meets the requirements for polymer-bitumen binder to Kazakhstan standards and is suitable for the production of modified bitumen in its physico-chemical characteristics

Modification of Bitumen with Recycled PET Plastics from Waste Materials

Nowadays in the world, due to the constant desire for recycling, many countries are considering the use of recycled plastics on roads. Modification of bitumen for roads in Kazakhstan is considered one of the most suitable and popular approaches. This paper presents the results of research on the modification of bitumen by recycled plastics from waste materials. The paper describes the details of the use of plastic waste as bitumen modifiers, with a specific focus on recycled plastics and how they can potentially be used to enhance bitumen performance and the road durability. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified bitumen were determined after routine tests, penetration and plasticity, softening temperature, brittleness temperature on Fraas and microscopic analysis. The morphology of the modified bitumen was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm that the modified bitumen complies with the requirements for polymer-bitumen binder of Kazakhstani standards and is suitable for the production of modified bitumen by its physical and chemical characteristics