THE STUDY OF NATIVE SMALL FRUITS BIOTYPES

The breeding programs of the European countries are based on biotypes from wild flora, because they are the true sources of genes. These genes are able to print in the future cultivars resistance to diseases, pests and climatic stress, and also fruits with the best flavor and phytoterapeutic resources. In this aim, Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti-Maracineni conducted numerous studies of exploring the wild flora in different areas of the country. Following these expeditions were identified numerous biotypes of cornelian cherry, rosehip and seabuckthorn. All these native biotypes were subjected to studies of phenology, productivity, and quality of fruits. These researches identified the highest productivity in the following biotypes: MS-40 (cornelian cherry), RC-CN (rose hip) and MPR2P3 (seabuckthorn)

EVALUATION OF THE FRUITS QUALITY INDICATORS TO SOME BLACKBERRY GENOTYPES

The fruits quality as a fresh product, must meet the higher quality standards, this is the primary criterion in decision-making of consumers purchase. Even if the fruits appearance is characterized by some properties like size, shape, color, the absence or the presence of the defects, however any factor affecting these traits is very important. Therefore the creation of the genotypes with high commercial impact is one of the main objectives of the breeding research. In order to achieve this objective, in 2000 were achieved 27 cross-combinations. From the hybrids obtained in the process of breeding, the most valuable genotypes were selected and multiplied. In the spring of 2004 these genotypes were planted in an experimental plot and standard cultural practices were applied. In the period 2010-2012 was carried out a study on the biometric quality standards of the fruit in order to identify the most valuable genotypes. Over the studied period the genotype E04/ 5-2 fruits recorded the highest size index value (22.81), the highest average fruit weight (8,22g) and a soluble solids content of 15.27%. The data were statistically processed with Duncan’s multiple range test (p≤0.05)

BEHAVIOR OF SOME ROMANIAN WALNUT VARIETIES TO SCIAPHOBUS SQUALIDUS GYLL. ATTACK

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important species for the European and Romanian fruit growing, but, despite its resilience, it can be attacked by specific pests which due to the climatic changes became more active than in the past. This paper presents results on the behavior of some Romanian walnut varieties to the bud weevil Sciaphobus squalidus Gyll attack during 2012- 2014 vegetation period. For the pest, the most favorable years were 2013 and 2014 when the pest incidence (PESINC%) was 11.48-11.88 % and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.2- 2.3. All these years the most affected walnut cultivars were ‘Roxana’, ‘Geoagiu 65’, ‘Recular RM’‘Jupanesti’, for which the pest incidence (PESINC%) ranged between 5.17-6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.0-2.5. The other cultivars (‘Mihaela’ and ‘Bratia) were more resilient to the pest attack, for these,the average pest incidence (PESINC%) was between 5.17% and 6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 1.8-1.9