INTERNET MASS MEDIA: FACTORS OF FORMATION AND TRENDS

Процесс развития Интернета в России проходил неравномерно. В основном первыми активными пользователями Интернета стали жители центрального и северо-западного округов России. В связи с получением большого охвата аудитории сети стали появляться первые Интернет-СМИ: онлайн-газеты, информационные агентства. Одновременно с новыми СМИ проходила интеграция традиционных СМИ (ТВ, печати, радио). Контент медиа стал появляться и в аудиовизуальной виде: текстовом (pdf, html), аудио (интернет-вещание радиостанций) и видео (видеорепортажи и трансляции). Появились новые каналы трансляции информации. Помимо технологических изменений произошли структурные. Благодаря новым социальным сервисам в Интернете каждый отдельный пользователь смог выступить и как наёмный работник медиа, собирающий и удалённо доставляющий материал, так и создатель своего отдельного медийного пространства в блогах и других социальных сервисах, где у него стала появляться своя аудитория. В статье проведено исследование роли Интернет-СМИ, особенности их функционирования и выявлена новая роль пользователя в Интернете.Internet development took place in Russia unevenly. Gene-rally inhabitants of the central and northwestern federal districts of Russia became the first active Internet users. The first Internet mass-media appeared due to the receiving large cove-rage of audience of a network: online newspapers, news agencies. At the same time with new mass media there took place integration of traditional mass media (TV, the press, radio). The content media began to appear in audiovisual variant: text (pdf, html), audio (Internet broadcasting of radio stations) and video (reportings and broadcasting). There were new channels of information broadcasting. Besides technological changes there were structural. Thanks to new social services on the Internet each certain user could act as the hired employee of media collecting and far off delivering material, and the founder of the separate media field in blogs and other social services where its own audience began to appear. Research of a role of Internet mass-media is conducted, features of their functioning and the new role of the user on the Internet is revealed in article

Analyzing and forecasting road traffic accidents and their consequences: a case study of the Udmurt republic

The article addresses the issue of road traffic accidents and their impact on population mortality and socio-economic processes in the region. Attention is given to the tasks of accident prediction and the assessment of the severity of their consequences. The dynamics of road accidents and their consequences in Udmurt Republic are analyzed using time series. The research reveals variations in the number of accidents over different time periods and seasonal fluctuations. Econometric models are constructed to predict the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences. These models take into account seasonal components, trends, and autoregressive processes. The forecasts for the number of accidents and their severity enable the development of measures for traffic management and road safety

The Role of the Cerebellum in Visual-Spatial Memory in Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Survivors

Abstract The cerebellum is involved in motor and non-motor functions. Cerebellar lesions can underlie the disruption of various executive functions. The violation of executive functions in cerebellar lesions is a serious problem, since children, after completing treatment, must return to school, finish their education, and get a profession. One of the important executive functions is working memory, which contributes to academic success. Deficits of verbal working memory in cerebellar tumors have been studied, in contrast to visual-spatial working memory. To assess this issue, 101 patients who survived cerebellar tumors and 100 healthy control subjects performed a visual-spatial working memory test. As a result, in children who survived cerebellar tumors, visual-spatial working memory is impaired compared to the control group. Moreover, with age, and hence the time since the end of treatment, the number of elements that children can retain in visual-spatial working memory increases, but still remains smaller compared to the control group. Our findings complement the idea of cerebellar involvement in visual-spatial working memory and suggest that it is disrupted by cerebellar lesions in children

Investigation of Multilayer Nanostructures of Magnetic Straintronics Based on the Anisotropic Magnetoresistive Effect

The article presents the results of experimental studies of multilayer nanostructures of magnetic straintronics formed by magnetron sputtering on a 100 mm silicon wafer. The object of the study is two types of nanostructures: Ta/FeNiCo/CoFe/Ta and Ta/FeNi/CoFe/Ta, differing in the ratio of magnetic layers. The magnetic and magnetoresistive characteristics of multilayer nanostructures under varying mechanical loads are studied both on a 100 mm wafer and in the form of 4 × 20 mm2 samples of two types. The first, where the axis of easy magnetization is directed along the long side of the sample, and the second, where the axis of easy magnetization is a tilt at 45°. Based on the obtained data, the conclusions about the practical application of these nanostructures in magnetic straintronics elements are drawn

Paracelsian, BaAl2Si2O8BaAl_{2}Si_{2}O_{8}, under high pressure: three new phase transitions and three new high-pressure phases

Minerals of the feldspar group are the most common minerals in the Earth’s crust. Due to their high geological relevance, numerous X-ray diffraction studies at non-ambient conditions (high temperature (HT) and / or pressure (HP)) have been performed with detailed studies focused on orthoclase, sanidine, microcline, albite, and anorthite. Paracelsian, BaAl2Si2O8, is considered as a member of the feldspar group, despite the fact that its structure topology is different from that of the feldspar topology. Its crystal structure was first investigated by Smith (1953) in the Pnam space group, and later re-considered by Bakakin and Belov (1960) in the monoclinic P21/c structure type (Bakakin, Belov, 1960). The structure is based upon a three-dimensional framework formed by corner-sharing SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra forming four- and eight-member rings and channels running along the a axis. The channels outlined by the eight-membered rings are occupied by Ba atoms. The framework topology of paracelsian is identical to that observed in danburite, CaB2Si2O8, a borosilicate mineral, which is known as an ore mineral for boron. Recently, Pakhomova et al. (2017) investigated high-pressure evolution of danburite and found the HP-modification of danburite with Si in exclusively fivefold coordination. This prompted us to investigate the HP-behaviour of other minerals with the same structure topology and, in particular, paracelsian.The HP-study of paracelsian was undertaken using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the Extreme Conditions Beamline P02.2 of PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) using the wavelength of 0.2896 Å. For the study, we have used crystals of natural paracelsian from the Benallt Mine, Gwynedd, Wales, UK (from a private collection of the fifth author) with the size of 0.010×0.010×0.005 mm3. Experiment was performed at ambient temperature in the pressure range from 0.0001 to 32 GPa with the pressure step no more than 4 GPa (10 pressure points in total).The study yielded surprising results with HP-induced phase transitions and three new modifications of paracelsian. The first phase transition (from paracelsian-I to paracelsian-II) occurs between 3 and 6 GPa. The transition is isosymmetric, i.e. the space group remains the same (P21/c). The structure of paracelsian-II is obtained from that of paracelsian-I by the formation of additional Al–O bond and the change of coordination number of Al from 4 to 5. As a result, the AlO4 tetrahedra transform into AlO5 trigonal bipyramids. The next phase transition occurs between 25 and 28 GPa and is accompanied by the symmetry change from monoclinic (P21/c) to orthorhombic (Pna21). The structure of paracelsian-III consists of SiO6 octahedra, AlO6 octahedra and distorted AlO4 tetrahedra. The third phase transition is observed between 28 and 32 GPa and results in the symmetry decreasing from Pna21 to Pn. The structure of paracelsian-IV is a distorted version of the structure of paracelsian-III.This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research

Compressibility of hingganite-(Y): high-pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction study

Behaviour of hingganite-(Y), Y$_2\square$Be$_2$Si$_2$O$_8$(OH)$_2$, on compression to 47 GPa has been studied by synchrotron-based in situ high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell. In the studied pressure range no obvious phase transitions have been observed. The compression of hingganite-(Y) crystal structure is anisotropic, with b axis showing the maximal compressibility. A fit of the experimental pressure–volume data by the Birch-Murnaghan third-order equation of state yielded the bulk modulus of 131(2) GPa and its pressure first derivative of 3.5(2). The difference between high-pressure behaviour of hingganite-(Y) and structurally related datolite is governed by the different chemical nature of interlayer cations