Prediction-retrodiction measurements for teleportation and conditional state transfer

Regular measurements allow predicting the future and retrodicting the past of quantum systems. Time-non-local measurements can leave the future and the past uncertain, yet establish a relation between them. We show that continuous time-non-local measurements can be used to transfer a quantum state via teleportation or direct transmission. Considering two oscillators probed by traveling fields, we analytically identify strategies for performing the state transfer perfectly across a wide range of linear oscillator-field interactions beyond the pure beamsplitter and two-mode-squeezing types.Comment: Accepted versio

Ab initio calculations of spectroscopic constants and vibrational state lifetimes of diatomic alkali-alkaline-earth cations

We investigate the lifetimes of vibrational states of diatomic alkali-alkaline-earth cations to determine their suitability for ultracold experiments where long decoherence time and controllability by an external electric field are desirable. The potential energy and permanent dipole moment curves for the ground electronic states of LiBe+, LiMg+, NaBe+, and NaMg+ are obtained using the coupled cluster with singles doubles and triples and multireference configuration interaction methods in combination with large all-electron cc-pCVQZ and aug-cc-pCV5Z basis sets. The energies and wave functions of all vibrational states are obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation for nuclei with the B-spline basis set method. To predict the lifetimes of vibrational states, the transition dipole moments, as well as the Einstein coefficients describing spontaneous emission, and the stimulated absorption and emission induced by black body radiation are calculated. Surprisingly, in all studied ions, the lifetimes of the highest excited vibrational states are similar to the lifetimes of the ground vibrational states indicating that highly vibrationally excited ions could be useful for the ultracold experiments requiring long decoherence time. Published by AIP Publishing. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Fedorov, D. A., Barnes, D. K., & Varganov, S. A. (2017). Ab initio calculations of spectroscopic constants and vibrational state lifetimes of diatomic alkali-alkaline-earth cations. The Journal of chemical physics, 147(12), 124304. and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986818

Quantum correlations of light due to a room temperature mechanical oscillator for force metrology

The coupling of laser light to a mechanical oscillator via radiation pressure leads to the emergence of quantum mechanical correlations between the amplitude and phase quadrature of the laser beam. These correlations form a generic non-classical resource which can be employed for quantum-enhanced force metrology, and give rise to ponderomotive squeezing in the limit of strong correlations. To date, this resource has only been observed in a handful of cryogenic cavity optomechanical experiments. Here, we demonstrate the ability to efficiently resolve optomechanical quantum correlations imprinted on an optical laser field interacting with a room temperature nanomechanical oscillator. Direct measurement of the optical field in a detuned homodyne detector ("variational measurement") at frequencies far from the resonance frequency of the oscillator reveal quantum correlations at the few percent level. We demonstrate how the absolute visibility of these correlations can be used for a quantum-enhanced estimation of the quantum back-action force acting on the oscillator, and provides for an enhancement in the relative signal-to-noise ratio for the estimation of an off-resonant external force, even at room temperature

Clamp-tapering increases the quality factor of stressed nanobeams

Stressed nanomechanical resonators are known to have exceptionally high quality factors ($Q$) due to the dilution of intrinsic dissipation by stress. Typically, the amount of dissipation dilution and thus the resonator $Q$ is limited by the high mode curvature region near the clamps. Here we study the effect of clamp geometry on the $Q$ of nanobeams made of high-stress $\mathrm{Si_3N_4}$. We find that tapering the beam near the clamp - and locally increasing the stress - leads to increased $Q$ of MHz-frequency low order modes due to enhanced dissipation dilution. Contrary to recent studies of tethered-membrane resonators, we find that widening the clamps leads to decreased $Q$ despite increased stress in the beam bulk. The tapered-clamping approach has practical advantages compared to the recently developed "soft-clamping" technique. Tapered-clamping enhances the $Q$ of the fundamental mode and can be implemented without increasing the device size

Recommender systems in antiviral drug discovery

Recommender systems (RSs), which underwent rapid development and had an enormous impact on e-commerce, have the potential to become useful tools for drug discovery. In this paper, we applied RS methods for the prediction of the antiviral activity class (active/inactive) for compounds extracted from ChEMBL. Two main RS approaches were applied: Collaborative filtering (Surprise implementation) and content-based filtering (sparse-group inductive matrix completion (SGIMC) method). The effectiveness of RS approaches was investigated for prediction of antiviral activity classes ("interactions") for compounds and viruses, for which some of their interactions with other viruses or compounds are known, and for prediction of interaction profiles for new compounds. Both approaches achieved relatively good prediction quality for binary classification of individual interactions and compound profiles, as quantified by cross-validation and external validation receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score >0.9. Thus, even simple recommender systems may serve as an effective tool in antiviral drug discovery

Thermal intermodulation noise in cavity-based measurements

Thermal frequency fluctuations in optical cavities limit the sensitivity of precision experiments ranging from gravitational wave observatories to optical atomic clocks. Conventional modeling of these noises assumes a linear response of the optical field to the fluctuations of cavity frequency. Fundamentally, however, this response is nonlinear. Here we show that nonlinearly transduced thermal fluctuations of cavity frequency can dominate the broadband noise in photodetection, even when the magnitude of fluctuations is much smaller than the cavity linewidth. We term this noise "thermal intermodulation noise" and show that for a resonant laser probe it manifests as intensity fluctuations. We report and characterize thermal intermodulation noise in an optomechanical cavity, where the frequency fluctuations are caused by mechanical Brownian motion, and find excellent agreement with our developed theoretical model. We demonstrate that the effect is particularly relevant to quantum optomechanics: using a phononic crystal $Si_3N_4$ membrane with a low mass, soft-clamped mechanical mode we are able to operate in the regime where measurement quantum backaction contributes as much force noise as the thermal environment does. However, in the presence of intermodulation noise, quantum signatures of measurement are not revealed in direct photodetectors. The reported noise mechanism, while studied for an optomechanical system, can exist in any optical cavity