Donor-specific production of cytokines by blood cells under the influence of immunomodulators: New aspects of a personalized approach in medicine

Aim – to study the immunomodulator-induced individual cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to evaluate the potential of using this approach as a universal cellular test system in personalized medicine. Material and methods. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells given by donors were cultured in vitro in the presence of immunomodulators Imunofan and Polyoxidonium. After incubation, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the culture medium for the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, MCP-1/CCL2, and IFN-α cytokines was performed. Results. The results of the experiment have demonstrated the absence of spontaneous or immunomodulator-induced production of IFN-α by PBMCs. These data correspond to the information presented earlier in the scientific literature. We also observed a pronounced inhibitory effect of both immunomodulators on the production of cytokines MCP-1/CCL2, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8 by PBMCs, along with the individual variability of their production and the cumulative effect of production over time. Conclusion. The features of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by PBMCs into the medium in the presence of immunomodulators, revealed by the in vitro screening, can be used to develop universal in vitro cellular test systems for personalized diagnosis of a number of socially significant inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

Retrospective analysis of surgical treatments of sternoclavicular joint dislocation: literature review

Traumatic injuries to the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations account for less than 3% of all joint dislocations. However, instrumentation fixation is frequently associated with high-risk complications that lead to disability. The authors sought to explore historical aspects of various surgical fixation techniques based on specific anatomy of injured segment. The findings are presented in the chronological order briefly describing methods of fixation, the authors and clinical results obtained

Modern approach to the treatment of stage IV decubitus ulcers

Objective a retrospective assessment of the bedsores' features, the optimization of treatment tactics, evaluation of long-term treatment results. Material and methods.The study group included 38 patients with stage IV decubitus ulcers according to the classification of AHCPR localized in the sacral region, the area of the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. Results.We determined the critical time intervals for the decubitus ulcers occurrence. It has been found that in most patients bedsores are remaining for a long period of time. The modern complex methods for the IV stage decubitus ulcers treatment with the plastics of the soft tissue defects revealed their reliably higher effectiveness. Conclusion.The formation of bedsores most often occurs during the first month after the injury and three years after the injury. The treatment of patients with this pathology should be comprehensive and carried out in the well-equipped purulent surgery department by the specialists experienced in treating such patients. The plastic surgery by displaced blood-supplying flaps contributes to success in the treatment of stage IV bedsores

Effect of silanol groups on the acidic and catalytic properties of alkylsulphoacidic silicas and SiO2/narion nanocomposites

Sets of silicas covalently modified with alkylsulphoacidic groups (SiO2-SO3H) and nanocomposites of silica with superacidic Nafion(R)\ polymer (SiO2/Nafion) were synthesised. End-capping the silanol groups with trimethylsilyl groups was used to obtain surface hydrophobisation. The materials obtained were characterised by nitrogen and water adsorption measurements, MAS NMR spectroscopy and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The acidity of the materials was tested by P-31 MAS NMR spectroscopic examination of samples with adsorbed triethylphosphine oxide (TEPO). It was demonstrated that end-capping excluded part of the surface silanol groups from interaction with acidic groups, thereby causing the sulphonic groups to exhibit an increased acidity. With SiO2-SO3H, end-capping also increased their catalytic activity in the synthesis of ethyl t-butyl ether (ETBE). However, end-capping had a negligible effect on the catalytic properties of SiO2/Nafion, probably because the catalytic reaction occurred inside the Nafion polymer nanoparticles

Dataset: Fauna of Adult Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the National Park “Smolny” (Russia)

(1) Background: Protected areas are “hotspots” of biodiversity in many countries. In such areas, ecological systems are preserved in their natural state, which allows them to protect animal populations. In several protected areas, the Coleoptera biodiversity is studied as an integral part of the ecological monitoring of the ecosystem state. This study was aimed to describe the Carabidae fauna in one of the largest protected areas of European Russia, namely National Park “Smolny”. (2) Methods: The study was conducted in April–September 2008, 2009, 2017–2021. A variety of ways was used to collect beetles (by hand, caught in light traps, pitfall traps, and others). Seasonal dynamics of the beetle abundance were studied in various biotopes. Coordinates were fixed for each observation. (3) Results: The dataset contains 1994 occurrences. In total, 32,464 specimens of Carabidae have been studied. The dataset contains information about 131 species of Carabidae beetles. In this study, we have not found two species (Carabus estreicheri and Calathus ambiguus), previously reported in the fauna of National Park “Smolny”. (4) Conclusions: The Carabidae diversity in the National Park “Smolny” is represented by 133 species from 10 subfamilies. Ten species (Carabus cancellatus, Harpalus laevipes, Carabus hortensis, Pterostichus niger, Poecilus versicolor, Pterostichus melanarius, Carabus glabratus, Carabus granulatus, Carabus arvensis baschkiricus, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus) constitute the majority of the Carabidae fauna. Seasonal dynamics are maximal in spring; the number of ground beetles decreases in biotopes by autumn

Impact of Carbon Fluoroxide Nanoparticles on Cell Proliferation

Cytotoxicity of fluorescent carbon fluoroxide (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) was studied in a label-free manner on several cancer and non-cancer cell lines. A direct cytotoxic effect of the CFO NPs was clearly observed by a suppression of cell proliferation. The real-time measurement of cell activities allowed to quantify the impact of the uptaken NPs on cell proliferation and after washout of the NPs from the cell culture medium. The results show more toxic effects of the CFO NPs on cancer than on non-cancer cell lines. The notion of NPs biocompatibility must be related to a maximum concentration value of the NPs acceptable for a given cell type. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effects of NPs should be studied not only during their direct exposure to cells but also after their washout from the culture medium.ISSN:2079-499

Kinetics of Hydrogen Generation from Oxidation of Hydrogenated Silicon Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solutions

Hydrogen generation rate is one of the most important parameters which must be considered for the development of engineering solutions in the field of hydrogen energy applications. In this paper, the kinetics of hydrogen generation from oxidation of hydrogenated porous silicon nanopowders in water are analyzed in detail. The splitting of the Si-H bonds of the nanopowders and water molecules during the oxidation reaction results in powerful hydrogen generation. The described technology is shown to be perfectly tunable and allows us to manage the kinetics by: (i) varying size distribution and porosity of silicon nanoparticles; (ii) chemical composition of oxidizing solutions; (iii) ambient temperature. In particular, hydrogen release below 0 °C is one of the significant advantages of such a technological way of performing hydrogen generation

Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) Fauna of the Republic of Mordovia (Russia)

(1) Background: Beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea are one of the most important groups of Coleoptera. They are found in various ecosystems all over the world and belong to coprophagous, necrophagous, saproxylophagous, phyllophagous and rhizophagous types. The aim of the study is to describe the fauna and distribution of Scarabaeoidea in the Republic of Mordovia (central part of European Russia); (2) Methods: The study was conducted from 2003 to 2023. Collection material (specimens from 1972 and 1986) was also used. Specimens were collected using traditional Coleoptera collecting methods (manual collecting, light trap, collection of rotten remains and pitfall traps). For each observation, the coordinates, number of specimens and dates were recorded; (3) Results: The dataset contains 3198 occurrences. We examined 11,011 specimens of Scarabaeoidea. The dataset contains information on 88 species of Scarabaeoidea. Of these, five species (Aphodius pedellus, Nobius serotinus, Phaeaphodius rectus, Planolinus fasciatus and Onthophagus medius) are listed for the region for the first time. Another seven species are additionally known from others taken from the literature (but were not found during the present field survey); (4) Conclusions: Species diversity of Scarabaeoidea of Mordovia accounts for 95 species from 4 families (Geotrupidae, Trogidae, Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae). Ten species (Protaetia marmorata, Anoplotrupes stercorosus, Cetonia aurata, Protaetia cuprea volhyniensis, Oxythyrea funesta, Platycerus caraboides, Serica brunnea, Melolontha hippocastani, Trichius fasciatus and Protaetia fieberi) constitute the main population of Scarabaeoidea fauna given in the dataset. The species diversity of Scarabaeoidea of the Republic of Mordovia is roughly similar in number of species to that of neighboring or more northern regions