Engineered non-invasive functionalized dendrimer/dendron-entrapped/complexed gold nanoparticles as a novel class of theranostic (radio)pharmaceuticals in cancer therapy

Nanomedicine represents a very significant contribution in current cancer treatment; in addition to surgical intervention, radiation and chemotherapeutic agents that unfortunately also kill healthy cells, inducing highly deleterious and often life-threatening side effects in the patient. Of the numerous nanoparticles used against cancer, gold nanoparticles had been developed for therapeutic applications. Inter alia, a large variety of den drimers, i.e. soft artificial macromolecules, have turned up as non-viral functional nanocarriers for entrapping drugs, imaging agents, and targeting molecules. This review will provide insights into the design, synthesis, functionalization, and development in biomedicine of engineered functionalized hybrid dendrimer-tangled gold nanoparticles in the domain of cancer theranostic. Several aspects are highlighted and discussed such as 1) dendrimer-entrapped gold(0) hybrid nanoparticles for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancer cells, 2) dendrimer encapsulating gold(0) nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for the delivery of genes, 3) Au DENPs for drug delivery applications, 4) dendrimer encapsulating gold radioactive nanoparticles for radiotherapy, and 5) dendrimer/dendron-complexed gold(III) nanoparticles as technologies to take down cancer cells.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Superstructured poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based nanoconstructs as platforms for cancer nanomedicine: a concise review

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, as a family of synthetic macromolecules with highly branched interiors, abundant surface functional groups, and well-controlled architecture, have received immense scientific and technological interests for a range of biomedical applications, in particular cancer nanome dicine. However, due to the drawbacks of single-generation dendrimers with a quite small size (e.g., gen eration 5 (G5) PAMAM dendrimer has a size of 5.4 nm) such as limited drug loading capacity, restricted tumor passive targeting based on enhanced permeability and retention effect, and lack of versatility to render them with stimuli-responsiveness, superstructured dendrimeric nanoconstructs (SDNs) have been designed to break through these obstacles in their applications in cancer nanomedicine. Here, we review the recent advances related to the creation of SDNs such as dendrimer dumbbells, core–shell tecto den drimers, dendrimer nanoclusters (NCs), dendrimer nanogels and dendrimer-templated hybrid NCs, and how these SDNs have been designed as nanoplatforms for different biomedical applications related to cancer nanomedicine including MR imaging, drug/gene delivery, combination therapy and theranostics. This review concisely describes the latest key developments in the field and also discusses the possible challenges and perspectives for translation applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers for precision regenerative medicine: osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

A novel bioactive macromolecule based on morpholino-functiona lized phosphorus dendrimers (generation 2, G2-Mor+ ) was devel oped for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Interestingly, through in vitro tests, it was shown that G2- Mor+ dendrimer can strongly promote the transformation of MSCs into osteoblasts, which implies the potential application of phos phorus de medicine.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dendrimers toward translational nanotherapeutics: concise key step analysis

The goal of nanomedicine is to address specific clinical problems optimally, to fight human diseases, and to find clinical relevance to change clinical practice. Nanomedicine is poised to revolutionize medicine via the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The field of nanomedicine encompasses numerous features and therapeutic disciplines. A plethora of nanomolecular structures have been engineered and developed for therapeutic applications based on their multitasking abilities and the wide functionalization of their core scaffolds and surface groups. Within nanoparticles used for nanomedicine, dendrimers as well polymers have demonstrated strong potential as nanocarriers, therapeutic agents, and imaging contrast agents. In this review, we present and discuss the different criteria and parameters to be addressed to prepare and develop druggable nanoparticles in general and dendrimers in particular. We also describe the major requirements, included in the preclinical and clinical roadmap, for NPs/dendrimers for the preclinical stage to commercialization. Ultimately, we raise the clinical translation of new nanomedicine issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fluorescent phosphorus dendrimer as a spectral nanosensor for macrophage polarization and fate tracking in spinal cord injury

Dendrimers and dendriplexes, highly branched synthetic macromolecules, have gained popularity as new tools for a variety of nanomedicine strategies due to their unique structure and properties. We show that fluorescent phosphorus dendrimers are well retained by bone marrow-derived macrophages and exhibit robust spectral shift in its emission in response to polar ization conditions. Fluorescence properties of this marker can also assist in identifying macrophage presence and phenotype status at different time points after spinal cord injury. Potential use of a single dendrimer compound as a drug/siRNA carrier and phenotype-specific cell tracer offers new avenues for enhanced cell therapies combined with monitor ing of cell fate and function in spinal cord injury.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New Ways to Treat Tuberculosis Using Dendrimers as Nanocarriers

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that usually attacks not only the lungs, but also brain and spine. More than twenty drugs have been developed for the treatment of TB, but most of them were developed some years ago. They are used in different combinations. Isoniazid and Rifampicin are examples of the five first line TB drugs, whereas, for instance, Levofloxacin, Kanamycin and Linezolid belong to the second line drugs that are used for the treatment of drug resistant TB. Several new bicyclic nitroimidazoles (e.g., Delamanid) without mutagenic effects were developed. New TB drugs need to provide several main issues such as more effective, less toxic, and less expensive for drug resistant TB. Besides polymeric, metal-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles and polymers, dendrimer nanostructures represent ideal delivery vehicles and offer high hopes for the future of nanomedicine. In this original review, we present and analyze the development of anti-TB drugs in combination with dendrimers. Few articles have highlighted the encapsulation of anti-TB drugs with dendrimers. Due to their unique structure, dendrimers represent attractive candidates for the encapsulation and conjugation of other anti-TB drugs presenting important drawbacks (e.g., solubility, toxicity, low bioavailability) that hinder their development, including clinic trials

Antipsychotics: 70 Years

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Dendrimers as macromolecular tools to tackle from colon to brain tumor types: a concise overview

International audienceIt is well documented that dendrimers were described as one of the most tunable nanomaterials both for therapeutic applications and diagnostics. This concise review surveys the different types of both non-targeted and targeted drug-encapsulated dendrimers and dendrimer–drug conjugates in oncology. In addition, progress in biocompatible dendritic architectures is discussed as it relates to the development of anti-cancer agents through in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, we present relevant examples of these nanodevices to treat aggressive cancers such as colon and brain tumors. This review concludes with a brief survey of perspectives for clinical translatio

New opportunities of dendrimers for theranostic approaches to personalized medicine

International audienc