Profile of subpopulation composition of regulatory T lymphocytes and intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

The following specificcharacteristics of the composition of intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were identified using a metagenomic analysis (16 S rRNA): 1) an increase in the representation of Actinobacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp., Firmicutes, including representatives of Streptococcaceae (Streptococcus), Lachnosperaceae (Dorea), Veillonellaceae (Dialister), Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae families); 2) a decrease in the population of Bacteroidetes, including representatives of the families Prevotellacea (Prevotella spp.), Bacteroidaceae (Bacteroides spp.). Firmicutes belonging to the families Clostridiaceae and Ruminococcaceae (Fecalibacterium spp.).Flow cytometry in the study of the subpopulation composition of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes in patients with IBS revealed an increase in the number of CD45R0+CD62L+ central memory cells (CM), which can regulate the processes of maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue. A decrease in the expression of exonucleases CD39 and CD73 was detected, which can have a significant effect on their activity. A reduction in effector memory cells (EM) Treg was observed.Changes in the expression level of exonucleases CD39 and CD73 were inversely correlated with the content of Proteobacteria and the representation of the genera Bifidobacterium spp. and Faecalibacterium spp. The content of СЫ Treg was directly correlated with the content of Dorea spp.The results may be indicative of impairment in the processes of Treg differentiation, which are closely related to changes in key components of intestinal microbiocenosis in IBS

ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISMS GLN192ARG PON1 AND S3238G APOC3 IN WOMEN WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

Objective: to determine the frequency of alleles and genotypes of gene polymorphism PON1 — Gln192Arg A> G and ApoC3 — 3238C> G in women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2) and hypothyroidism, to determine the odds ratio (OR) andrelative risk (RR) of CHD depending on the genetic characteristics in this group of patients. Material and Methods: the studied 108 patients with stable angina II-III functional class, 35 of which have a combination of type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism — 1 comparison group,36 women were with type 2 diabetes — 2 comparison group, 37 women with hypothyroidism — Group 3 comparison. The control group included 42 patients with stable angina II-III functional class without pathology of carbohydrate metabolism and the normal function of the thyroidgland. In addition, to eliminate the influence of hypothyroidism factor 4 comparison group was created (1 + 2 group), to avoid the influence of diabetes factor — 5 comparison group (1 + 3 group). Determined PON1 polymorphisms — Gln192Arg A> G and ApoC3 — 3238C> G bypolymerase chain reaction.Results: in women with coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes is more common homozygous carriers of AA genotype polymorphism Gln192Arg PON1 (p = 0.03 for group 2, P = 0.04 for the 4 groups, respectively), while OR was 9.8 ( 95% CI,1,15-84,8) 2 group and 7.5 (95% CI, 0,9-60,4) for group 4, respectively. OR CHD was 2.11 (95% CI, 1.4-3.0) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1,2-1,95) 2 and group 4, respectively. In patients with coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes showed more frequent carriers of the allele C (p = 0.02) and CG genotype polymorphism S3238G APOC3 (p = 0.01). OR 2 groups was 2.8 (95% CI, 1,0-7,8) for 4 groups — 2.7 (95% CI, 1,18-6,4). OR for CHD patients 4 groups was 1.5 (95% CI, 1,0-2,3).Conclusion: the association of genotype polymorphisms Gln192Arg PON1 and S3238G APOC3 in women with coronary heart disease in the background with type 2 diabetes. The presence of the homozygous genotype PON1-AA increases the risk of coronary heart disease in women with type 2 diabetes by 1.5-2 times, carriage heterozygous genotype ApoC3-CG increases the risk of coronary heart disease 1.5 times. Association of polymorphisms with hypothyroidism submitted against the background of coronary heart disease has been identified

Escherichia coli ItaT is a type II toxin that inhibits translation by acetylating isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile)

Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules are highly abundant and are involved in stress response and drug tolerance. The most common type II TA modules consist of two interacting proteins. The type II toxins are diverse enzymes targeting various essential intracellular targets. The antitoxin binds to cognate toxin and inhibits its function. Recently, TA modules whose toxins are GNAT-family acetyltransferases were described. For two such systems, the target of acetylation was shown to be aminoacyl-tRNA: the TacT toxin targets aminoacylated elongator tRNAs, while AtaT targets the amino acid moiety of initiating tRNAMet. We show that the itaRT gene pair from Escherichia coli encodes a TA module with acetyltransferase toxin ItaT that specifically and exclusively acetylates Ile-tRNAIle thereby blocking translation and inhibiting cell growth. ItaT forms a tight complex with the ItaR antitoxin, which represses the transcription of itaRT operon. A comprehensive bioinformatics survey of GNAT acetyltransferases reveals that enzymes encoded by validated or putative TA modules are common and form a distinct branch of the GNAT family tree. We speculate that further functional analysis of such TA modules will result in identification of enzymes capable of specifically targeting many, perhaps all, aminoacyl tRNAs