Al-Qaeda after 2001 with regard to its strategy

Ankara : The Department of International Relations of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2010.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2010.Includes bibliographical references leaves 104-110.After almost a decade since the September 11 Attacks, in which its sanctuary in Afghanistan has been shattered and the vigilance against it has been strengthened, alQaeda still survives and poses a threat to both Middle Eastern and international security. This research attempts to explain the survival of al-Qaeda after 2001 with regard to its strategy. Therefore, the focus of the research is on the effects of alQaeda’s strategy on its survival. Keeping in mind the conventional approach that handles al-Qaeda as a religious terrorist group, this research attempts to have a broader outlook on al-Qaeda by dealing with it as a non-state armed group. In this way, this research handles the situation as an asymmetrical conflict between alQaeda and the U.S. and its allies. Within the asymmetrical conflict, the strategy that al-Qaeda has pursued involves an indirect approach that compensated for the disadvantages it faced. The results of the research could pave the way for further research on the course of al-Qaeda in the context of the changing security environment in the Middle East.Doğan, SercanM.S

Katı atık düzenli depolama sahalarının yamaç şevlerinin duraylılığı ve sahaların geçirimsizliği

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu tez çalışmasının amacı katı atık düzenli depolama sahalarının oluşturulması amacıyla yapılacak olan yamaç şevlerin duraylılığının incelenmesi ve taban geçirimsizliğine etki eden parametrelerin araştırılmasıdır. Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesinin Katı Atık Düzenli Depolama Sahasında mevcut atık depolama sahasının yanında 2. Lot sahası yapılacaktır. Söz konusu tez çalışmasında Sakarya Büyükşehir Belediyesinin 2. Lot sahasının uygulama projeleri ve proje raporundan faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca, katı atık düzenli depolama sahası tasarlanırken, arazi gözlemleri, laboratuvar deneyleri ve duraylılık analizleri ile birlikte bu konuda çalışmış olan araştırmacıların daha önceden yaptığı çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda tez çalışmasında konu başlıkları olarak: tezin amacı ve kapsamı, önceki yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, katı atık düzenli depolama tesisi ve bileşenleri hakkında genel bilgi, arazi çalışmaları, laboratuvar deneyleri ve bilgisayar programlarından bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca yamaçların stabilite analizleri yapılmıştır.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the stability of side slopes which purpose of establishing solid waste sanitary landfill areas and investigate the parameters which affect the base impermeability. 2nd Lot area will be built next to the existing waste storage area of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill of Sakarya Metropolitan Municipality. In the thesis study, application projects and project report of 2nd lot area of Sakarya Metropolitan Municipality have been utilized. In addition, During the solid waste sanitary landfill area is designed, field observations, laboratory experiments and stability analyzes have been utilized, as well as the studies have been done previously by researchers who worked in this area. It has been mentioned in this context as a topic title: general information about the purpose and scope of the thesis, previous studies, solid waste landfill area and its components, field studies, laboratory experiments, and computer program. Besides, stability analysis of the slopes have been conducted

Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing for Pediatric Forearm Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis of Thirty Four Cases

Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to present our institutional experience of 34 pediatric both bone forearm fractures treated with titanium elastic intramedullary nails. Methods: Thirty-four patients, who were treated with titanium elastic nail for both bone forearm fractures diagnosis between 2011 and 2016, were included in the study. Clinical and radiological evaluation of the patients was retrospectively analyzed. Results: Bone healing process was completed for all patients at a mean of 6.6 weeks. The implants were removed at a mean time of 9.7 months from the index operation. Complications, including skin infections at the entry side of the nail, were recorded in three (8.82%) patients. These three patients had type 1 open fracture according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification and were treated with first generation cephalosporins. In a subjective measure of outcome during follow-up, it was observed that 33 patients (97.06%) were very satisfied and one (2.94%) was satisfied; no patient reported being not satisfied. Conclusion: Since titanium elastic nailing is a safe and effective method of treatment with advantages of easy implantation and removal as well as excellent cosmetic and functional results, elastic stable intramedullary nailing is the first treatment option that should be considered in pediatric both bone forearm fractures

Synthesis of N′-(4-/3-/2-/Non-substituted benzylidene)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy] Benzohydrazides and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activities against Monoamine Oxidases and β-Secretase

Nineteen tosylated acyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase (BACE-1) were evaluated. Compound 3o was the most potent inhibitor of MAO-A, with an IC50 value of 1.54 µM, followed by 3a (IC50 = 3.35 µM). A structural comparison with 3a indicated that the 3-F group in 3o increased its inhibitory activity against MAO-A. Compound 3s was the most potent inhibitor of MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 3.64 µM, followed by 3t (IC50 = 5.69 µM). The MAO-B inhibitory activity increased in the order of 3- > 4- > 2-NO2 groups in 3s, 3t, and 3r, respectively. All the compounds weakly inhibited AChE and BChE, which retained >50% residual activity at 10 µM, except for 3a, which inhibited BChE with an IC50 value of 16.1 µM. Interestingly, 3e, 3f, and 3n inhibited BACE-1 with IC50 values of 8.63, 9.92, and 8.47 µM, respectively, which were lower than the IC50 of the quercetin reference. Compounds 3o and 3s were found to be reversible competitive inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with Ki values of 0.35 ± 0.074 and 1.97 ± 0.65 µM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 3e, 3f, and 3n were effective BACE-1 inhibitors. The lead molecules were further investigated by molecular docking studies to elucidate the binding interactions with the target enzymes

Honey Plants of Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden

In this study, melliferous plants that the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) can benefit from among the taxa planted in Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden, are presented. Among the 451 taxa planted in the botanical garden, those with these characteristics were determined by reviewing studies on the subject. Of the 165 taxa (36.58%) included in the honey plant class; 119 contain both nectar and pollen, 25 contain pollen, 13 contain nectar, 4 contain both pollen and insect secretion (IS) or sweet sap (SS), 2 contain pollen, nectar and IS or SS, 1 contain both nectar and SS, 1 contain only IS. In order to prevent the decrease in pollinator and pollinator insects, whose numbers are decreasing due to global climate change, a "Bee and Insect Hotel" was placed in the botanical garden. For this reason, the majority of the plants selected for planting were chosen from taxa with honey plant properties. The main purpose here is both to pollinate the plants in the botanical garden and to show and explain the effects of insect species on pollination through nature education

Unpublished Mediterranean and Black Sea records of marine alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species

To enrich spatio-temporal information on the distribution of alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, a collective effort by 173 marine scientists was made to provide unpublished records and make them open access to the scientific community. Through this effort, we collected and harmonized a dataset of 12,649 records. It includes 247 taxa, of which 217 are Animalia, 25 Plantae and 5 Chromista, from 23 countries surrounding the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Chordata was the most abundant taxonomic group, followed by Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. In terms of species records, Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Saurida lessepsianus, Pterois miles, Upeneus moluccensis, Charybdis (Archias) longicollis, and Caulerpa cylindracea were the most numerous. The temporal distribution of the records ranges from 1973 to 2022, with 44% of the records in 2020–2021. Lethrinus borbonicus is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, while Pomatoschistus quagga, Caulerpa cylindracea, Grateloupia turuturu, and Misophria pallida are first records for the Black Sea; Kapraunia schneideri is recorded for the second time in the Mediterranean and for the first time in Israel; Prionospio depauperata and Pseudonereis anomala are reported for the first time from the Sea of Marmara. Many first country records are also included, namely: Amathia verticillata (Montenegro), Ampithoe valida (Italy), Antithamnion amphigeneum (Greece), Clavelina oblonga (Tunisia and Slovenia), Dendostrea cf. folium (Syria), Epinephelus fasciatus (Tunisia), Ganonema farinosum (Montenegro), Macrorhynchia philippina (Tunisia), Marenzelleria neglecta (Romania), Paratapes textilis (Tunisia), and Botrylloides diegensis (Tunisia).peer-reviewe

Evaluation of ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) AND HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms and physical tests in Ice hockey national team players

Çalışmamızda Buz Hokeyi Milli Takım oyucularında ACE rs1799752, ACTN3 rs1815739, PPARA rs4253778 ve HIF1A rs11549465 polimorfizmleri ile fiziksel testlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçladık. Araştırmamıza 21 buz hokeyi milli takım oyuncusu katılmıştır. Etik kurul ve gönüllü onam formları alındıktan sonra ağız içi epitel dokularından DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. ACE rs1799752 polimorfizmi için konvansiyonel polimeraz zincir reaksiyon yöntemi, ACTN3 rs1815739, PPARA rs4253778 ve HIF1A rs11549465 polimorfizmleri için gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Atletik performans analizi, maksimal oksijen kullanım kapasitesi, anaerobik performans, esneklik ve kuvvet testleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Kohortumuzuda ACE rs1799752 polimorfizmi bakımından 5(%24) sporcu II genotipinde, 7(%33) sporcu ID ve 9(%43) sporcu ise DD genotipinde belirlenmiştir. ACTN3 rs1815739 için CC, CT ve TT genotipleri sırasıyla 5(%24), 9(%43) ve 7(%33) olarak saptanmıştır. PPARA rs4253778 polimorfizmi bakımından 15(%71) sporcu GG genotipi, 3(%14,5) sporcu GC ve 3(%14,5) sporcu ise CC genotipinde gözlemlenmiştir. HIF1A rs11549465 CC genotipi 14(%67) sporcu ve CT genotipi 7(%33) sporcu olarak bulunmuştur. Fiziksel testlerde esneklik testi (p=0,365), bacak kuvveti testi (p=0,691), el sıkma kuvveti testi (p=0,679), VO2max testi (p=0,686) sonuçları genotiplerle değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sürat testi ile HIF1A rs11549465 polimorfizm değerlendirmesinde anlamlı düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur (p=0,008). Diğer polimorfizmlerle sürat testi karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı sonuç tespit edilmemiştir (p=0,65). Çalışmamızın sonuçları ilgili gen polimorfizmleri ile buz hokeyi oyuncularının atletik performansı arasındaki potansiyel ilişkiyi vurgulayan önceki çalışmalarla uyumludur. Fakat ilgili polimorfizmlerle buz hokeyi oyuncularının atletik performans ilişkisi arasında ilişkiyi anlamak için büyük kohortlarla çalışmalar tavsiye edilmektedir.We aimed to compare ACE rs1799752, ACTN3 rs1815739, PPARA rs4253778 and HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphisms and physical tests in Ice Hockey National Team players. While ACE rs1799752 was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction method, real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for other polymorphisms. Athletic performance analysis were evaluated maximal oxygen utilization capacity, anaerobic performance, flexibility and strength tests. In our cohort, the ACE rs1799752, the II genotype was determined as 5(24%), ID genotype as 7(33%), and DD genotype 25(43%). The ACTN3 rs1815739 was found as 5(24%) in RR genotype, as 9(43%) in RX genotype, and 7(33%) in XX genotype. The PPARA rs4253778 was observed as GG genotype 15(71%), as GC genotype 3(14.5%) and as CC genotype 3(14.5%). The HIF1A rs11549465 was determined as 14(67%) CC genotype and as 7(33%) for CT genotype. In physical tests, when the flexibility test (p=0.365), leg strength test ( p=0.691), the grip strength test (p=0.679) and VO2max test (p=0.686) results were evaluated between the genotype groups, no significant difference was found. Evaluation of HF1A rs11549465 polymorphism with sprint test was evaluated as significant (p=0.008), no significant results were found in comparison of sprint test with other polymorphisms (p=0.65).The results of our study are in line with previous studies. In order to confirm our study, it is recommended that larger prospective studies depending on the effect of the relevant polymorphisms need to be carried out

Scope of destination marketing, the relationship between brand love and destination brand loyalty

Marka aşkı; tüketicilerin marka için hissettikleri bağlılığın derecesidir. Bu tez çalışmasında, marka aşkı ile marka sadakati arasındaki ilişki destinasyon pazarlaması kapsamında uygulamalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle; destinasyon, destinasyon pazarlaması, marka aşkı ve marka sadakati konuları teorik olarak ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra literatür taraması kapsamında marka aşkı ve destinasyon marka sadakati değişkenleri ile ilgili çalışmalara ve ölçeklere yer verilmiştir. Tezin uygulama kısmında ise, farklı ülkelerden 302 katılımcı turiste İstanbul destinasyonu ile ilgili sorular içeren bir anket uygulanmıştır. Ankete katılan turistlerin İstanbul destinasyonuna yönelik marka aşkı ve marka sadakati algılamaları incelenerek, bu değişkenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı da analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde; cinsiyet ve medeni durum değişkenlerinin marka aşkı ve marka sadakati üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Yaşa göre ise, marka aşkında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunurken, marka sadakatinde anlamlı bir farlılık bulunmamaktadır. Gelirin marka sadakatini etkilediği ama marka aşkını etkilemediği saptanmaktadır. Ayrıca, marka aşkı ile marka sadakati arasında yüksek bir ilişki olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.abstractBrand love, degree of a consumer loyalty. Consumer is loyal on pasionate way. In this thesis, it is being examined in the context of practical relationship between brand love and brand loyalty within the destination marketing. In this study; after destination, destination marketing, brand love and brand loyalty were discussed in theory; tourists variables were exmanined affecting the brand love and brand loyalty for İstanbul and it was given to studies on it. A questionnaire with questions about İstanbul from different countries have applied to 302 participant tourists during the implementation phase of the thesis. This survey show us whether tourists are loyal and love for Istanbul or not –and- whether there is a relationship between brand love and brand loyalty or not. As a result of the analysis made; gender and marital status variables significant effect weren’t identified to brand love and brand loyalty. In age variable while there is a significant difference in brand love, there are no significant differences in brand loyalty. Also that was determined income influences brand love but doesn’t influence brand loyalty. Furthermore, A high correlation was found between brand love and brand loyalty

Comparison of extension block pinning technique versus pin orthosis-extension block pinning technique for acute mallet fractures: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Introduction: The extension block pinning technique (EBPT) is a popular surgical treatment for mallet fractures; however, it has several drawbacks. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare EBPT to the pin orthosis-extension block pinning method (PO-EBPT) in the treatment of mallet fractures involving more than one-third of the joint surface but without primary joint dislocation. Materials and methods: Sixty-five patients with mallet fractures were randomized into two groups between June 2017 and January 2020: Group I (33 patients) was treated with EBPT and group II (32 patients) was treated with PO-EBPT. Five patients were lost to follow up due to lack of follow-up and death. There were no significant differences in the clinical and demographic characteristics of both groups. Patients were evaluated according to fracture union, extension lag, distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint range of motion, Crawford’s criteria, and complication rates. The patients were followed-up post-operatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. Results: A total of 60 patients were randomized into two groups: one (30 patients) was treated with EBPT and the second (30 patients) with PO-EBPT. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of fracture union and active DIP joint flexion (P = 0.743 and P = 0.059, respectively). The mean extension lag of the DIP joint in the EBPT group was significantly greater than the PO-EBPT group (10° ± 9.47° vs. 4.17° ± 7.2°, P = 0.009). According to the Crawford criteria, the PO-EBPT group showed significantly better outcomes (P = 0.005). The complication rates were similar between groups (P = 0.45). Conclusion: In comparison to the EBPT technique, the group of patients operated with PO-EBPT had superior clinical outcomes and less loss of extension at the DIP joint according to the Crawford’s criteria