Seasonal dynamics of dry matter accumulation and nutrients in a mature miscanthus × giganteus stand in the lower silesia region of poland

Funding: J.C.B. and P.R.H.R. were funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council strategic programme grant on Resilient Crops (BBS/E/W/10963A01).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Wielkość i jakość plonu nasion gorczycy białej w zależności od nawożenia siarką

Background. In white mustard cultivation for seeds, in addition to basic NPK fertilization, fertilization with sulphur is of great importance. Sulphur affects the proper use of nitrogen in Brassicaceae and that stimulates their development and yield. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of various sulphur doses on yield quantity and the chemical composition of seeds of three traditional white mustard cultivars. Material and methods. A field experiment was carried out in the years 2007–2009 in the weather conditions of south-west Poland (Lower Silesian Voivodeship). The experiment was set up as a split-plot design. The primary factor was white mustard cultivars: Metex, Nakielska, and Radena. The secondary factor was diversified sulphur doses: 0, 10, 20, and 30 $kg·ha^(-1)$ . Results. The highest white mustard seed yield was obtained from the cultivar Nakielska when fertilized with 10 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ or $20 kg·ha^(-1)S$. The cultivar Nakielska was also characterized by the highest of all the studied cultivars crude fat productivity per 1 ha at the applied fertilization rates of 10 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ and 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$, and the highest total protein productivity after the application of 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$. Total protein and crude fat contents in seeds were significantly modified by the weather conditions in the study years. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that in white mustard cultivation for seeds the optimal sulphur dose amounts to circa 10-20 $kg·ha^(-1)$, and that it is necessary for high yield. Also, the high yield-forming potential of the seed cultivar Nakielska was confirmed.W uprawie gorczycy białej na nasiona obok podstawowego nawożenia NPK istotne jest nawożenie siarką. Siarka wpływa na prawidłowe wykorzystanie azotu w roślinach krzyżowych, stymuluje rozwój i plonowanie. Zbadano wpływ różnych dawek siarki na wielkość plonu i skład chemiczny nasion trzech tradycyjnych odmian gorczycy białej. Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2007–2009 w warunkach agroklimatycznych Polski południowo-zachodniej (woj. dolnośląskie). Doświadczenie założono metodą split-plot. Czynnikiem pierwszego rzędu były odmiany gorczycy białej: Metex, Nakielska i Radena, czynnikiem drugiego rzędu były różne dawki siarki: 0, 10, 20, 30 $kg·ha^(-1)$. Najwyższy plon nasion uzyskano z odmiany Nakielska nawożonej odpowiednio 10 lub 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$. Spośród wszystkich badanych odmian charakteryzowała się ona także najwyższą wydajnością tłuszczu surowego z 1 ha przy zastosowaniu nawożenia dawką 10 oraz 20 $kg·ha^(-1) S$ oraz najwyższą wydajnością białka ogółem po zastosowaniu 20 kg·ha -1 S. Stwierdzono, że zawartość białka ogółem i tłuszczu surowego w nasionach była istotnie modyfikowana przez przebieg pogody w latach badań. Wykazano, że w uprawie gorczycy białej na nasiona optymalna dawka siarki wynosi około 20 $kg·ha^(-1)$ i jest niezbędna dla wysokiego plonowania. Potwierdzono także duży potencjał plonotwórczy nasiennej odmiany Nakielska

Effect of Pod Sealant Application on the Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Yield

Field pea is used for human consumption or as livestock feed. The yield of pea seeds can be significantly decreased due to the genetically determined tendency of peas to pod shattering. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pod sealant application on the quantitative and qualitative traits of the seed yield of two pea cultivars: Arwena and Tarchalska grown in south-western Poland in the years 2018–2019. Pod sealant application showed higher values of analysed quantitative and qualitative traits: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, dry matter of seeds, protein content in seeds, and total protein productivity, except the number of seeds per pod. For both years (2018–2019), the interaction of cultivar and pod sealant application showed a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant, total protein content, total protein productivity, and seed weight per pod in 2019. Therefore, the pod sealant application can be a relatively simple way to improve the yielding of field peas

Sowing Date as a Factor Affecting Soybean Yield—A Case Study in Poland

Soybean is the crop of the future, especially for countries with a high demand for food and feed protein. Therefore, soybean cultivation is moving north to countries at higher latitudes, where temperatures, photoperiodism, and rainfall distribution are not always able to meet soybean requirements. The aim of this study was to evaluate three sowing dates as a factor influencing soybean cultivars yield and seed chemical composition in agroclimatic conditions of south-western Poland. In the years 2016–2019, a field experiment was conducted in Lower Silesia region, near Wroclaw, with three sowing dates: early (mid-April), 10-day delayed (at the turn of April and May), and 20-day delayed (first half of May), and two soybean cultivars: Merlin and Lissabon. In this location, soybean sowing is recommended in mid-April, possibly at the turn of April and May. The cultivars tested differed in yield and yield component values in the years of research, but generally, the Lissabon was better suited to local conditions. Results were discussed with findings of other domestic research, to investigate the problem of the soybean sowing date in Poland. The recommended sowing date for soybean was found to vary from region to region. These differences are due to the length of the growing season in each location and the varied adaptation of cultivars to the local climatic conditions

The reaction of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. to the application of TS series stimulators

A field experiment to assess the response of soybean to the application of TS series stimulators was set up as complete blocks design with four replications. The investigated factor was growth stimulators (seed dressing – TS Osivo and foliar – TS Samson) produced by the Czech company BEIDEA s.r.o., com-pared to the control (without a stimulator). The reason behind the study was the lack of domestic reports regarding the impact of the use of TS series stimulators on the growth, development and morphological agronomic traits and yields of legume crops. The field trials were carried out in 2018–2019 at the Research Station operated by the Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, located in the district of Wrocław – Pawłowice (Dolnośląskie voivode-ship). The tested crop was soybean, cultivar Abelina (maturity group 000 ++, breeder Saatbau Linz).Soybean seed dressing with TS Osivo stimulator caused an acceleration of germination and emergence phases from 2 to 4 days compared to the control treat-ment (water). The use of TS series stimulators in soybean culti-vation contributed, in comparison to the control, to a significant increase (by 7.5%) in the plant height before harvest. Simultane-ously, an increase in the height of first pod was observed, which reduces seed losses during harvest. Seed treatment with the TS Osivo stimulator increased seed yield by 5.8% compared to con-trol treatment (without application). Spraying soybean with TS Samson stimulator increased the seed yield by 8.6%. In practice, in order to achieve an increase in soybean seed yield it is recom-mended to apply pre-sowing seed treatment with TS Osivo stimu-lator or foliar application of TS Samson

Depth and Sowing Rate as Factors Affecting the Development, Plant Density, Height and Yielding for Two Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. Var. Minor) Cultivars

Sowing depth and density are factors which affect development and yielding due to their influence on plants’ competition for water, light and nutrients. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of sowing depth (5 and 8 cm) and density (45, 60, 75 seeds m2) on the development and yield of two morphotypes of faba bean. Higher plants were found at 8 cm sowing depth in 2011 and 2013, in turn, plant density before harvest, at 5 cm in 2011 and 8 cm in 2013. The greatest seed yield was observed while sowing shallower in 2011 (4.50 t ha−1) and 2012 (6.62 t ha−1), and deeper in 2013 (3.53 t ha−1). Cultivar played in important role in shaping plant height and seed yield in all years of the experiment, as well as in straw yield in 2012. Bobas characterized by the greatest seed productivity in all years of experiment compared to Granit, as well as quantity of straw yield in 2011 and 2012 (3.51 and 4.88 t ha−1, respectively) and therefore can be recommended for cultivation. Taking into account plant density before harvest in 2011–2013 as well as straw yield in 2011 and 2013, the most favorable sowing density is 75 seeds per m2

Influence of nitrogen fertilization, seed inoculation and the synergistic effect of these treatments on soybean yields under conditions in south-western Poland

Abstract Soybean, belonging to legumes, has a specific ability to biological nitrogen fixation, which can be reinforced by seeds inoculation. However, support with a starter dose of mineral nitrogen fertilizer may be necessary to achieve high seed yields. A four-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg ha−1), seed inoculation with two commercial inoculants and combinations of these treatments on yield components and yielding of soybean in conditions of south-western part of Poland. The synergistic effect of mineral fertilization at dose 30 kg ha−1 and inoculation on soybean productivity was the most beneficial. Similar effects were observed when 60 kg N ha−1 was applied both separately and with inoculation. However, due to the environmental impact of mineral fertilizers and to promote plants to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), it is advisable to use lower doses of N fertilizer (at 30 kg ha−1) and inoculate soybean seeds in agro- climatic conditions of south-western Poland. Therefore, based on this study we recommend to apply starter dose of N and inoculation

Accumulation of Minerals in Faba Bean Seeds and Straw in Relation to Sowing Density

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are a high-protein legume crop that can be widely cultivated in most climates in Europe. The amino acid composition of the faba bean protein is also beneficial for monogastric animals since it contains a great deal of lysine, an amino acid that is deficient in cereals. Two genotypes of faba beans were cultivated at three sowing densities (45, 60 and 75 seeds per m2) during three growing seasons (years 2013–2015). The aim of the research was to assess accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of two faba beans in seeds and straw under different sowing densities. A field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 at fields of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in southwestern Poland from which plant material was used for chemical analysis in terms of determining the accumulation of the following elements—N, P, Mg, K and Ca—in the seeds and straw. The results showed that the genotypes of the faba bean varied greatly in accumulation of nutrients in various sowing densities and in following years of research. However, the average accumulation of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in seeds for three years (2013–2015) was significantly higher in the Bobas cultivar under 60 seeds per m2 as well as in both tested cultivars using 75 seeds per m2. Accumulation of potassium and phosphorus in seeds was highest in both analyzed cultivars using 60 and 75 seeds per m2 (average for 2013–2015). Considering accumulation of elements in the straw of faba bean, it is shown that the concentration of potassium and calcium was the highest in both tested cultivars under the effect of sowing density at 60 and 75 seeds per m2 while the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium did not differ significantly as an effect of the interaction of cultivar and sowing date (average for 2013–2015). Weather conditions played an important role in accumulation of nutrients of both faba bean genotypes in the years of research (2013–2015)