Desarrollo de un sistema informático utilizando arquitectura web para la gestión en Registro Académico del INCH (Instituto Nacional de Chontales “Josefa Toledo de Aguerrí”), de la Ciudad de Juigalpa-Chontales, durante el segundo semestre del año 2015

Un sistema informático es el que permite almacenar y procesar información, y las aplicaciones web son aquellas herramientas que los usuarios pueden utilizar accediendo a un servidor web a través de internet o de una intranet. El propósito del Sistema de Registro Académico es automatizar los procesos manuales que con lleva a: Matriculas, Registro Docente, Asignación Docente, Registro Materia, Asignación Materia, Creación de Grupo, Asignación Notas y Generación de informes del Instituto Nacional de Chontales Josefa Toledo de Aguerrí. El Sistema de Registro Académico del Instituto Nacional de Chontales se encuentra alojado en un servidor web (la dirección del SRA se encuentra en el documento del CD), el cual permite el acceso a los usuarios (administrador, usuario docente y usuarios finales), donde el usuario administrador y los usuarios docentes son los únicos que tienen privilegios de utilizar los procesos que brinda el Sistema y los usuarios finales que pueden tener comunicación con la Directora del INCH, por medio de un mensaje que estará vinculado a su correo y la opción de preguntas con sus repuestas más frecuentes del proceso de matrícula. La documentación del sistema de registro académico del Instituto Nacional de Chontales, está basada en la metodología de desarrollo de software (RUP), esta es apoyada por el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado UML, para definir los roles y actividades que deben hacerse en el proyecto para facilitar el análisis de la información. En el desarrollo del sistema informático de registro académico (SRA), se utilizó el software sublime Text 3 y MySQL como el gestor de base de datos, conocimiento de HTML, PHP, Java Script, Bootstrap, CSS. El desarrollo del sistema es una idea innovadora, novedosa y de gran ayuda en los procesos de registro académico para el Instituto Nacional de Chontales Josefa Toledo de aguerr

Estrés laboral y su relación con las condiciones de trabajo

Working at hospitals or health centers has been considered a stressful job, because it implies being in constant contact with pain and death. Workloads, extensive working hours and the work environment are contributing factors for the employees’ mood at Adan Barilla Huete Health Center in Juigalpa city. The purpose is to determine work stress and its relationship with the working conditions of employees during the 2019. The type of research was conclusive explanatory, of a mixed nature, with a probabilistic sampling made up of 20 collaborators, it was used the interview and survey. The results show that 55% have always and almost always experienced stress and 45% sometimes. The symptoms of stress in 95% are physiological, it was mostly provoked by headaches, working conditions such as cleaning the area, lighting and noise are not causes for work stress. Concluding that, the acceptance of the null hypothesis is supported with the results of the application of Pearson's chi-square technique, claiming that working conditions do not influence the work stress of employees.El trabajo en hospitales o centros de salud ha sido considerado como una fuente estresante, porque implica estar continuamente en contacto con el dolor y a menudo con la muerte. Las cargas de trabajo, las jornadas laborales extensas y el ambiente laboral, son factores que contribuyen en el estado anímico de los colaboradores del Centro de Salud Adán Barillas Huete del municipio de Juigalpa, departamento de Chontales. El propósito es determinar el estrés laboral y su relación con las condiciones laborales de los colaboradores durante el año 2019. El tipo de investigación desarrollada fue concluyente explicativa, de naturaleza mixta, con un muestreo probabilístico estratificado conformado por 20 colaboradores, para lo cual se utilizaron la entrevista y encuesta. Los resultados evidencian que el 55% siempre y casi siempre han experimentado estrés y 45% algunas veces, Los síntomas del estrés en un 95% son de índole fisiológica siendo la jaqueca y dolores de cabeza el principal síntoma, condiciones labores como la limpieza del área, iluminación y el ruido no son causas para el estrés laboral. Concluyendo que con los resultados de la aplicación de la técnica del chi cuadrado de Pearson se respalda la aceptación de la hipótesis nula, reafirmando que las condiciones laborales no influyen en el estrés laboral de los colaboradores, dado que el resultado de cada asíntota bilateral fue mayor a 0.05

Untargeted Metabolomics Sheds Light on the Secondary Metabolism of Fungi Triggered by Choline-Based Ionic Liquids

Fungal secondary metabolites constitute a rich source of yet undiscovered bioactive compounds. Their production is often silent under standard laboratory conditions, but the production of some compounds can be triggered simply by altering the cultivation conditions. The usage of an organic salt – ionic liquid – as growth medium supplement can greatly impact the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, leading to higher diversity of compounds accumulating extracellularly. This study examines if such supplements, specifically cholinium-based ionic liquids, can support the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites across three model species: Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Enriched organic extracts obtained from medium supernatant revealed high diversity in metabolites. The supplementation led apparently to increased levels of either 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate or α-aminoisobutyric acid. The extracts where bioactive against two major foodborne bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In particular, those retrieved from N. crassa cultures showed greater bactericidal potential compared to control extracts derived from non-supplemented cultures. An untargeted mass spectrometry analysis using the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking tool enabled to capture the chemical diversity driven by the ionic liquid stimuli. Diverse macrolides, among other compounds, were putatively associated with A. fumigatus; whereas an unexpected richness of cyclic (depsi)peptides with N. crassa. Further studies are required to understand if the identified peptides are the major players of the bioactivity of N. crassa extracts, and to decode their biosynthesis pathways as well

Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders.

The genomes of individuals with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders are enriched in damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. Here we have sequenced the exomes of 4,293 families containing individuals with developmental disorders, and meta-analysed these data with data from another 3,287 individuals with similar disorders. We show that the most important factors influencing the diagnostic yield of DNMs are the sex of the affected individual, the relatedness of their parents, whether close relatives are affected and the parental ages. We identified 94 genes enriched in damaging DNMs, including 14 that previously lacked compelling evidence of involvement in developmental disorders. We have also characterized the phenotypic diversity among these disorders. We estimate that 42% of our cohort carry pathogenic DNMs in coding sequences; approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. We estimate that developmental disorders caused by DNMs have an average prevalence of 1 in 213 to 1 in 448 births, depending on parental age. Given current global demographics, this equates to almost 400,000 children born per year

Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy.

We delineate a KMT2E-related neurodevelopmental disorder on the basis of 38 individuals in 36 families. This study includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in KMT2E (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and three previously reported), and four individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing KMT2E (one previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. More than 70% of the individuals were male, and expressivity was variable by sex; epilepsy was more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E might explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities

Bi-allelic Loss-of-Function CACNA1B Mutations in Progressive Epilepsy-Dyskinesia.

The occurrence of non-epileptic hyperkinetic movements in the context of developmental epileptic encephalopathies is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Identification of causative mutations provides an important insight into common pathogenic mechanisms that cause both seizures and abnormal motor control. We report bi-allelic loss-of-function CACNA1B variants in six children from three unrelated families whose affected members present with a complex and progressive neurological syndrome. All affected individuals presented with epileptic encephalopathy, severe neurodevelopmental delay (often with regression), and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Additional neurological features included postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. Five children died in childhood or adolescence (mean age of death: 9 years), mainly as a result of secondary respiratory complications. CACNA1B encodes the pore-forming subunit of the pre-synaptic neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2/N-type, crucial for SNARE-mediated neurotransmission, particularly in the early postnatal period. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in CACNA1B are predicted to cause disruption of Ca2+ influx, leading to impaired synaptic neurotransmission. The resultant effect on neuronal function is likely to be important in the development of involuntary movements and epilepsy. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the key role of Cav2.2 in normal human neurodevelopment.MAK is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship and receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Charity, and Rosetrees Trust. E.M. received funding from the Rosetrees Trust (CD-A53) and Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. K.G. received funding from Temple Street Foundation. A.M. is funded by Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), and Biomedical Research Centre. F.L.R. and D.G. are funded by Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. K.C. and A.S.J. are funded by NIHR Bioresource for Rare Diseases. The DDD Study presents independent research commissioned by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (grant number HICF-1009-003), a parallel funding partnership between the Wellcome Trust and the Department of Health, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (grant number WT098051). We acknowledge support from the UK Department of Health via the NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. This research was also supported by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre. J.H.C. is in receipt of an NIHR Senior Investigator Award. The research team acknowledges the support of the NIHR through the Comprehensive Clinical Research Network. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, Department of Health, or Wellcome Trust. E.R.M. acknowledges support from NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, an NIHR Senior Investigator Award, and the University of Cambridge has received salary support in respect of E.R.M. from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. I.E.S. is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Program Grant and Practitioner Fellowship)

The experiences of educational psychologists utilizing ego-state therapy with adolescents presenting with dissociation

M.Ed.This study aimed to explore the experiences of educational psychologists who utilize ego-state therapy in their practices to address dissociation in adolescents. Ego-state therapy has been considered an effective therapeutic technique in addressing dissociation. However, studies as to how educational psychologists utilise ego-state therapy with adolescents presenting with dissociation are not available. As trauma and the resulting dissociation have become prevalent in South Africa as it has internationally, therapeutic interventions to deal with this is necessary but lacking. Techniques such as Eye Movement Integration (EMI) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have proved effective; however, this is sometimes contraindicated in cases where dissociation is present. This study therefore aimed to explore the experiences of educational psychologists, with regard to the process followed in ego-state therapy, as well its as appropriateness for adolescents dealing with dissociation. Four participants were selected and interviewed in semi-structured interviews. Incomplete sentences were also completed by the participants. Finally, participants were asked to provide a symbol that for them demonstrated ego-state therapy with adolescents presenting with dissociation. A photo of each symbol was taken. A social constructionist perspective guided this qualitative research. Within this research approach, a phenomenological design was held which focuses on the experience of the phenomena itself rather than simplifying or categorizing the same phenomena. With the above data of incomplete sentences, semi-structured interviews, and photos of symbols, four main themes resulted, namely: inner strength as co-therapist, ego-state therapy in the adolescent developmental stage, using other therapies to enhance ego-state therapy and the good and the bad, the ying and the yang of ego-states. The findings demonstrated the value of utilising ego-state therapy as a therapeutic intervention for adolescents presenting with dissociation. Moreover, the findings highlighted the developmental appropriateness of ego-state therapy for the adolescent developmental level and further highlighted areas of further research that could be undertaken within the field of ego-state therapy for adolescents

Manual de resultados censo Pandora Oeste del 16 al 18 de agosto de 2021

Proyecto: Aportes para la gestión ciudadana ante el riesgo de inundaciones en la comunidad de Pandora Oeste en el Valle la Estrella, LimónEl manual tiene la finalidad de presentar el proceso y resultados del Censo comunidad Pandora OesteThe purpose of the manual is to present the process and results of the Pandora Oeste community census.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaInstituto de Estudios Sociales en Població