Ensayos sobre internacionalización en el contexto de empresas heterogéneas

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada II, leída el 18/09/2015The significant increase in global trade flows in last decades has been one of the main features of the globalization process that started in the 1950s. In general, the main factors behind this increase were linked to (i) the significant reductions of trade costs and technical barriers; (ii) the improvements in transport infrastructure and telecommunications; (iii) the progress of the international financial system and the increasing legal certainty; and (iv) the development of a corporate culture that promotes the internationalization of firms as a strategic tool in order to survive and to grow. The remarkable increase of trade openness has also been observed in the Spanish economy. In this regard, it is clear that the entry into force of the Treaty of Accession of Spain to the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1986 played a main role in this dramatic increase. In addition, and because of the deep depression of domestic demand caused by the global financial and economic crisis that started in 2008, the external trade has become a key driver in the economic recovery of the Spanish economy...En las últimas décadas se ha asistido a un incremento sin precedentes de los volúmenes de comercio internacional. En general, los principales factores que han explicado este incremento han estado vinculados con (i) las reducciones de los costes comerciales y las barreras técnicas; (ii) las mejoras en las infraestructuras de transporte y telecomunicaciones; (iii) los avances en el sistema financiero y el aumento de la seguridad jurídica; y (iv) el desarrollo de una cultura corporativa que promueve la internacionalización de las empresas como una importante herramienta estratégica para sobrevivir y crecer. El notable aumento de la apertura comercial ha sido también observado en la economía española. En este sentido, la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Adhesión de España a la Comunidad Económica Europea (ahora Unión Europea) en 1986 desempeñó un papel fundamental en este espectacular incremento. Adicionalmente, y debido a la profunda depresión que sufrió la demanda doméstica como consecuencia de la reciente crisis económica y financiera, el comercio exterior se ha erigido como un factor clave del proceso de recuperación de la economía española...Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e HistoriaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

Residual exports and domestic demand: an empirical analysis

This paper analyzes and quantifies the impact of exporter status on domestic sales. It is widely assumed that exporters sell in domestic markets more volume than non-exporters. In addition, non-persistent exporting firms have on average higher volumes of domestic sales in those years in which they are involved in export activities. This paper contributes to this literature by using data from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms (Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales) over the period 1990-2011. By applying a difference-in-difference approach, results confirm that exporters have on average larger domestic sales (volumes and growth rates) than non-exporters. Additionally, a fixed and random effects model is also applied to measure the impact of exporter status on domestic sales, considering only exporting firms. Results suggest that exporter status increases domestic sales volumes, although it significantly reduces growth. We will refer to this deceleration as residual exports. The amount of the effect varies depending on firms’ persistence in export markets

Residual exports and domestic demand: an empirical analysis

This paper analyzes and quantifies the impact on domestic sales of being an exporter. It is widely assumed that exporters sell in domestic market more than non-exporters, among other important features. However, export participation also slows the growth rates of domestic sales. We will refer to this fall in domestic sales growth as residual export. The empirical analysis uses Spanish microdata provided by the Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE) for the period 1990-2011 in a difference-in-difference model. This method compares domestic sales before and after entry in exporting for two time periods and for two groups of firms: exporters and non-exporters. The results confirm that participation in export activities slows down domestic sales growth significantly, although the amount of this result varies when we distinguish between different types of firms according to their persistence as exporter

Residual exports and domestic demand: an empirical analysis

This paper analyzes and quantifies the impact of exporter status on domestic sales. It is widely assumed that exporters sell in domestic markets more volume than non-exporters. In addition, non-persistent exporting firms have on average higher volumes of domestic sales in those years in which they are involved in export activities. This paper contributes to this literature by using data from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms (Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales) over the period 1990-2011. By applying a difference-in-difference approach, results confirm that exporters have on average larger domestic sales (volumes and growth rates) than non-exporters. Additionally, a fixed and random effects model is also applied to measure the impact of exporter status on domestic sales, considering only exporting firms. Results suggest that exporter status increases domestic sales volumes, although it significantly reduces growth. We will refer to this deceleration as residual exports. The amount of the effect varies depending on firms’ persistence in export markets

An Experimental Platform for large-scale research facing FI-IoT scenarios

Providing experimental facilities for the Internet of Things (IoT) world is of paramount importance to materialise the Future Internet (FI) vision. The level of maturity achieved at the networking level in Sensor and Actuator networks (SAN) justifies the increasing demand on the research community to shift IoT testbed facilities from the network to the service and information management areas. In this paper we present an Experimental Platform fulfilling these needs by: integrating heterogeneous SAN infrastructures in a homogeneous way; providing mechanisms to handle information, and facilitating the development of experimental services. It has already been used to deploy applications in three different field trials: smart metering, smart places and environmental monitoring and it will be one of the components over which the SmartSantander project, that targets a large-scale IoT experimental facility, will rely o

La metodología Flipped Classroom en la enseñanza híbrida universitaria: la satisfacción de los estudiantes [Flipped Classroom Methodology for Hybrid Learning in the Higher Education Context: Students Satisfaction]

Tras más de dos décadas de desarrollo de la enseñanza online, hace su aparición la enseñanza híbrida que busca, entre otros objetivos, mejorar los puntos débiles de la docencia exclusivamente online. La enseñanza híbrida necesita dotarse de metodologías e instrumentos que desarrollen todo su potencial didáctico y es en este contexto en el que se inscribe el presente trabajo. Hemos investigado la satisfacción de los estudiantes con la enseñanza híbrida en relación a la exclusivamente online, así como la percepción de los mismos en cuanto a la aplicación de la metodología Flipped Classroom (FC) en el ámbito híbrido en oposición a la metodología tradicional de clases presenciales magistrales. La investigación se ha desarrollado para ciencias sociales, en aulas híbridas universitarias, aplicando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, como encuestas y reuniones semiestructuradas con los alumnos, durante el segundo semestre del curso 2016/17. Las conclusiones obtenidas son muy alentadoras, mostrando un alto grado de satisfacción por parte de los estudiantes con el entorno híbrido en comparación al exclusivamente online y con la aplicación de la metodología FC en dicho ámbito, frente a metodologías más tradicionales. [After more than two decades of the development of online education, the recent emergence of hybrid education has tried to overcome the weaknesses of the teaching exclusively online. The main goal of this paper is to identify the best methodologies and instruments of the hybrid education in order to develop all its educational potential. In this regard, we have addressed the satisfaction of the students with the hybrid teaching format compared to the exclusively online, as well as their perception with the new Flipped Classroom (FC) methodology as opposed to the traditional methodology in which theory is explained in class and practice is implemented at home. The research has been carried out in university hybrid courses in social sciences and has used qualitative and quantitative methods, such as surveys and structured interviews or appointments with students during the second semester of the 2016/17 academic year. So far, the conclusions of the research are very encouraging. In particular, they show a high degree of students’ satisfaction with the hybrid format compared to the exclusively 100% online and with the application of the FC methodology with respect to the traditional teaching methodology.

Flipped Classroom Methodology for Hybrid Learning in the Higher Education Context: Students' Satisfaction and Performance

The recent emergence of hybrid education, defined as one that combines face-to-face and online classes, has tried to overcome the weaknesses of the teaching exclusively online. The main goal of this paper is to identify the best methodologies and instruments of the hybrid education in order to develop all its educational potential. In this regard, we have addressed the satisfaction of the students with the hybrid teaching format compared to the exclusively online, as well as their perception with the new Flipped Classroom (FC) methodology as opposed to the traditional methodology in which theory is explained in class and practice is implemented at home. In addition, we have also evaluate the learning outcomes and grades of the students enrolled in these hybrids courses as compared to those enrolled in exclusively online courses. The findings of the research show a high degree of students’ satisfaction with the hybrid format and with the application of the FC methodology, as well as higher success rates and lower withdrawal rates in this hybrid courses