The effect of fermented buckwheat on producing L-carnitine enriched oyster mushroom

L-carnitine is biological compound which serves intake of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria. In market, L-carnitine is considered as nutritious supplements for weight-loss. L-carnitine is synthesized in human organ, but most of L-carnitine which human intakes are originated from meat based foods. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), the second popular edible mushroom in the world, is the main source of L-carnitine after meat and pork. Recently, there were many efforts to study designer foods of which functional ingredients were increased. However most of studies were focused on dairy products. In this study, the fermented buckwheat by Rhizopus oligosporus that contained high L-carnitine contents were used to cultivate oyster mushroom. L-carnitine contents in oyster mushroom were quantified by LC-ESI-MS. Mushroom grown on buckwheat medium had 3.17 to 23.88% higher L-carnitine concentration than normal medium. The mushroom size was increased when 20% (w/w) of buckwheat was added to basal medium. The lightness of mushroom pileus (L*) significantly increased among all the treatments. These results demonstrate that buckwheat and fermented buckwheat is novel substrates to produce L-carnitine enriched functional mushroom.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:A201702463RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200003ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A079459CITE_RATE:FILENAME:태경.pdfDEPT_NM:국제농업기술학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:FILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/34dfad8a-5bc9-41cd-8160-c7846937fa22/linkCONFIRM:

Randomized Comparison of Four-Times-Daily versus Once-Daily Intravenous Busulfan in Conditioning Therapy for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

AbstractSixty patients were randomized to receive intravenous busulfan (iBU) either as 0.8 mg/kg, over 2 hours 4 times a day (BU4 arm) or 3.2 mg/kg, over 3 hours once a day (BU1 arm) in conditioning therapy for hematopoietic cell transplantation. The complete pharmacokinetic parameters for the first busulfan dose were obtained from all patients and were comparable between the 2 arms: for the BU4 and BU1 groups, elimination half-life (mean ± SD) was 2.75 ± 0.22 versus 2.83 ± 0.21 hours, estimated daily AUC was 6058.0 ± 1091.9 versus 6475.5 ± 1099.4 μM·min per day, and clearance was 2.05 ± 0.36 versus 1.91 ± 0.31 mL/min/kg, respectively. Times to engraftment after transplantation were similar between the 2 arms. No significant differences were evident in the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and hepatic veno-occlusion disease (VOD). Moreover, other toxicities observed within 100 days after transplantation were not significantly different between the 2 arms. The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 20.8% in BU4 arm and 13.3% in BU1 arm. In conclusion, our randomized study demonstrates that the pharmacokinetic profiles and posttransplant complications are similar for once-daily iBU and traditional 4-times-daily iBU

A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

Diesel engine emissions contribute nearly 30% of greenhouse effects and diverse health and environmental problems. Amidst these problems, it is estimated that there will be a 75% increase in energy demand for transportation by 2040, of which diesel fuel constitutes a major source of energy for transportation. Being a major source of air pollution, efforts are currently being made to curb the pollution spread. The use of water-in-diesel (W/D)-emulsified fuels comes as a readily available (and cost-effective) option with other benefits including engine thermal efficiency, reduced costs, and NOx reduction; nonetheless, the inherent effects—power loss, component wear, corrosion, etc. still pose strong concerns. This study investigates the behavior and damage severity of a common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection system using exploratory and statistical methods under different W/D emulsion conditions and engine speeds. Results reveal that the effect of W/D emulsion fuels on engine operating conditions are reflected in the CR, which provides a reliable avenue for condition monitoring. Also, the effect of W/D emulsion on injection system components-piston, nozzle needle, and ball seat–are presented alongside related discussions

A Study on the Leakage Characteristics of a Stepped Labyrinth Seal with a Ribbed Casing

A new type of stepped seal with a ribbed casing is proposed to efficiently reduce the leakage at the tips of turbine blades. The leakage characteristics of two different types of labyrinth seals (conventional seal vs. ribbed seal) were compared and analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide operating range of pressure ratios and clearances. The analysis showed that the ribbed seal has superior leakage performance to the conventional seal at all clearance sizes. With the same clearance size (S/H = 1.0), the flow function of the ribbed seal was approximately 21.5–42.6% less than that of the conventional seal. Also, different trends of variation in the flow function according to the increase of the clearance were found between the conventional and ribbed seals. The leakage flow inside the labyrinth seal was analyzed to explain the cause of this difference in tendency, and it was confirmed that the added ribs cause collision between the leakage flow and the tooth wall, even with the increase of the clearance. Also, the ribbed seal enables operation at a larger clearance with the same leakage performance when comparing the absolute leakage flow rate of the two seals. In addition, a parametric study on the influence of the rib height and rib inclination angle revealed that the flow function generally decreases as both parameters increase

Integrated Circuit Design for Radiation-Hardened Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Survived up to 2 Mrad

According to the continuous development of metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) fabrication technology, transistors have naturally become more radiation-tolerant through steadily decreasing gate-oxide thickness, increasing the tunneling probability between gate-oxide and channel. Unfortunately, despite this radiation-hardened property of developed transistors, the field of nuclear power plants (NPPs) requires even higher radiation hardness levels. Particularly, total ionizing dose (TID) of approximately 1 Mrad could be required for readout circuitry under severe accident conditions with 100 Mrad around a reactor in-core required. In harsh radiating environments such as NPPs, sensors such as micro-pocket-fission detectors (MPFD) would be a promising technology to be operated for detecting neutrons in reactor cores. For those sensors, readout circuits should be fundamentally placed close to sensing devices for minimizing signal interferences and white noise. Therefore, radiation hardening ability is necessary for the circuits under high radiation environments. This paper presents various integrated circuit designs for a radiation hardened charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) by using SiGe 130 nm and Si 180 nm fabrication processes with different channel widths and transistor types of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS). These circuits were tested under γ–ray environment with Cobalt-60 of high level activity: 490 kCi. The experiment results indicate amplitude degradation of 2.85%–34.3%, fall time increase of 201–1730 ns, as well as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.07–11.6 dB decrease with irradiation dose increase. These results can provide design guidelines for radiation hardening operational amplifiers in terms of transistor sizes and structures