Quantum Weakdynamics as an SU(3)_I Gauge Theory: Grand Unification of Strong and Electroweak Interactions

Quantum weakdynamics (QWD) as an SU(3)_I gauge theory with the Theta vacuum term is considered to be the unification of the electroweak interaction as an SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y gauge theory. The grand unification of SU(3)_I x SU(3)_C beyond the standard model SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y is established by the group SU(3)_I. The grand unified interactions break down to weak and strong interactions at a new grand unification scale 10^{3} GeV, through dynamical spontaneous symmetry breaking (DSSB); the weak and strong coupling constants are the same, alpha_i = alpha_s ~ 0.12, at this scale. DSSB is realized by the condensation of scalar fields, postulated to be spatially longitudinal components of gauge bosons, instead of Higgs particles. Quark and lepton family generation, the Weinberg angle sin^2 theta_W = 1/4, and the Cabbibo angle sin theta_C = 1/4 are predicted. The electroweak coupling constants are alpha_z = alpha_i/3, alpha_w = alpha_i/4, alpha_y = alpha_i/12, and alpha_e = alpha_i/16 = 1/137; there are symmetric isospin interactions.Comment: REVTeX, 20 pages, corrected typographic errors, revised Section I

Chiral Phase Transition at Finite Temperature in the Linear Sigma Model

We study the chiral phase transition at finite temperature in the linear sigma model by employing a self-consistent Hartree approximation. This approximation is introduced by imposing self-consistency conditions on the effective meson mass equations which are derived from the finite temperature one-loop effective potential. It is shown that in the limit of vanishing pion mass, namely when the chiral symmetry is exact, the phase transition becomes a weak first order accompanying a gap in the order parameter as a function of temperature. This is caused by the long range fluctuations of meson fields whose effective masses become small in the transition region. It is shown, however, that with an explicit chiral symmetry breaking term in the Lagrangian which generates the realistic finite pion mass the transition is smoothed out irrespective of the choice of coupling strength.Comment: 21 pages, Late

A Syllable-based Technique for Word Embeddings of Korean Words

Word embedding has become a fundamental component to many NLP tasks such as named entity recognition and machine translation. However, popular models that learn such embeddings are unaware of the morphology of words, so it is not directly applicable to highly agglutinative languages such as Korean. We propose a syllable-based learning model for Korean using a convolutional neural network, in which word representation is composed of trained syllable vectors. Our model successfully produces morphologically meaningful representation of Korean words compared to the original Skip-gram embeddings. The results also show that it is quite robust to the Out-of-Vocabulary problem.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for EMNLP 2017 Workshop - The 1st Workshop on Subword and Character level models in NLP (SCLeM