21,100 research outputs found
Symmetry of evidence without evidence of symmetry
The de Finetti Theorem is a cornerstone of the Bayesian approach. Bernardo (1996) writes that its "message is very clear: if a sequence of observations is judged to be exchangeable, then any subset of them must be regarded as a random sample from some model, and there exists a prior distribution on the parameter of such model, hence requiring a Bayesian approach." We argue that while exchangeability, interpreted as symmetry of evidence, is a weak assumption, when combined with subjective expected utility theory, it implies also complete confidence that experiments are identical. When evidence is sparse, and there is little evidence of symmetry, this implication of de Finetti's hypotheses is not intuitive. This motivates our adoption of multiple-priors utility as the benchmark model of preference. We provide two alternative generalizations of the de Finetti Theorem for this framework. A model of updating is also provided.Ambiguity, exchangeability, symmetry, updating, learning, multiple-priors
Coarse contingencies and ambiguity
The paper considers an agent who must choose an action today under uncertainty about the consequence of any chosen action but without having in mind a complete list of all the contingencies that could influence outcomes. She conceives of some relevant (subjective) contingencies but she is aware that these contingencies are coarse---they leave out some details that may affect outcomes. Though she may not be able to describe these finer details, she is aware that they exist and this may affect her behavior.Uncertainty, states of the world, ambiguity, coarse contingencies
Coarse Contingencies
The paper considers an agent who must choose an action today under uncertainty about the consequence of any chosen action but without having in mind a complete list of all the contingencies that could influence outcomes. She conceives of some relevant (subjective) contingencies but she is aware that these contingencies are coarse - they leave out some details that may affect outcomes. Though she may not be able to describe these finer details, she is aware that they exist and this may affect her behavior.Unforeseen Contingencies, Ambiguity, Menu Choices
Rigidity of minimal submanifolds in hyperbolic space
We prove that if an -dimensional complete minimal submanifold in
hyperbolic space has sufficiently small total scalar curvature then has
only one end. We also prove that for such there exist no nontrivial
harmonic 1-forms on
The D0 same-charge dimuon asymmetry and possibile new CP violation sources in the system
Recently, the D0 collaboration reported a large CP violation in the same-sign
dimuon charge asymmetry which has the deviation from the value
estimated in the Standard Model. In this paper, several new physics models are
considered: the MSSM, two Higgs doublet model, the recent dodeca model, and a
new model. Generally, it is hard to achieve such a large CP violation
consistently with other experimental constraints. We find that a scheme with
extra non-anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry is barely consistent. In general,
the extra gauge boson induces the flavor changing neutral current
interactions at tree level, which is the basic reason allowing a large new
physics CP violation. To preserve the U(1) symmetry at high energy,
SU(2) singlet exotic heavy quarks of mass above 1 TeV and the Standard
Model gauge singlet scalars are introduced.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure
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