The Effects of Progesterone Hormone Applications Used for Suppression of Estrus on Mammary Glands in Queens

The effects of single dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) applications on serum estradiol 17-beta, progesterone, growth hormone levels and their receptors in mammary glands, development of feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia and the efficacy of progesterone hormone for suppression of first estrus in queens were investigated. Crossbred 20 queens were divided into two equal groups. Initiation and the end of the first heats were detected by clinical signs and vaginal smears. At the 1st day of estrus (Day -1) blood and mammary gland tissue samples were taken from the cats. Following day (Day 0), treatment (MPA) group received 100 mg MPA, control group received same dose physiologic saline solution intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected at intervals of 3 day during the first heat and at 10 day intervals thereafter for a period of 4 months. Two other mammary gland samples were collected at intervals of 45 days after Day 0. Serum progesterone levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher on days 2, 30, 50, 60 70, 90 for treated group than control group cats; serum estradiol 17-beta levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher on days 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 100 for control than MPA group of the study. Growth hormone could not be detected throughout the study both in serum and in receptors of the mammary tissue samples. Clinically feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia occurred in a cat and ultrasonography was performed when the lesion first noticed. Tissue samples had significantly higher estrogen receptor labelling for control than MPA group. Highly extensive and dense progesterone receptor positive labelling were observed in all tissue samples. It was concluded that MPA was effective to suppress estrus in cats. The incidence of feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FMFH) was small. There can be higher incidence of occurring FMFH when used more cat population

Effect of beta adrenergic blocker carazolol on the duration of parturition in gilts

Injection of prostaglandin or its analogues has provided a technique to induce parturition after Day 110 of gestation in the gilt (Guthrie, 1985). Alternatively, beta receptor blocker carazolol can be administered alone or in combination with low doses of oxytocin (2.5 IU) (Holtz et al., 1990)

Concomitant Occurrence of Ovarian Remnant Syndrome, Transmissible Venereal Tumor and Stump Pyometra in A Bitch

5 A 2.5-year-old, cross-breed bitch weighing 26 kg, was presented with two weeks history of vaginal bleeding. The bitch had undergone an ovariohysterectomy when it was 6 months old, and it had been regularly showing attractiveness to male dogs and even being mated with free-roaming dogs. On physical examination, the animal appeared healthy with no abnormalities other than vaginal bleeding. Upon vaginal digital palpation and vaginoscopic examination, an area of rough, cauliflower-like mucosa approximately 50 mm in diameter was determined on the left lateral wall just cranial to the urethral orifice. The dog had leukocytosis and hyperglycemia. Vaginal cytology revealed huge numbers of red blood cells, neutrophils, transmissible venereal tumor cells and some degree of intermediate and parabasal cells. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated two cystic structures with anechoic areas next to each kidney. The residual ovaries with cystic uterine remnants were removed via a midline laparotomy. Histopathological examination of the removed tissues revealed pyometra and cyst and papillary hyperplasia in the left ovary. Chemotherapy with slow infusions of vincristine was performed once a week for seven consecutive weeks. After the first vincristine administration, cessation of the vaginal bleeding and reduction in the size of the mass were observed. However, beginning from the fourth treatment to the last, the size or the color of the mass did not change. Ten months after the last vincristine treatment, the dog was free of vaginal bleeding and it was not possible to identify the neoplastic area on vaginal palpation and vaginoscopic examination

Vaginal Leiomyosarcoma in A Holstein Cow

Vaginal leiomyosarcoma was clinically, histopathologically and immunohisto-chemically detected in a 4 year old Holstein cow in this case. The mass was extirpated and no recurrence was observed in the vagina at 12 months follow up. The cow was artificially inseminated and became pregnant after the surgery

Optimum timing for operation in bitches with pyometra related to endotoxemia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of endotoxin in bitches with pyometra and to investigate the effects of preoperative supportive therapy on plasma endotoxin levels (LPS), the complete blood count, serum biochemistry parameters (alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine), clinical health status at the 12th, 24th, and 48th h following presentation, and to explore if they were correlated. Randomly allocated into 2 equivalent groups were 20 bitches with pyometra, aged from 3 to 16 years (mean 9.15 +/- 3.65 years). After collection of the samples, bitches in ovariohysterectomy without premedical supportive therapy (group OH) were operated on without delay. Bitches in ovariohysterectomy with premedical supportive therapy (group M) were operated on with a 48 h delay. Bitches with pyometra receiving supportive therapy had no significant difference in endotoxin levels (P < 0.001), total blood counts, or serum biochemical parameters, which were evaluated along with food intake and activity scores during the 2 day period. There was a moderate positive correlation between LPS (endotoxin) and WBC (white blood cell), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and creatinine levels and a moderate negative correlation between LPS, activity, and food intake scores at the 12th h evaluation. In conclusion, against the probability of high levels of circulating endotoxins in pyometra cases, bitches must undergo surgery at an optimum time, which is thought to be within 12 h of supportive therapy

Using cell banks as a tool in conservation programmes of native domestic breeds: the production of the first cloned Anatolian Grey cattle

The aim of this study was to clone native Anatolian Grey cattle by using different donor cell types, such as fibroblast, cartilage and granulosa cells cryopreserved in a gene bank and oocytes aspirated from ovaries of Holstein cows as the recipient cytoplasm source. One male calf from fibroblast, three female calves from granulosa cells and one female calf from cartilage cells were born healthy and at normal birthweights. No calves were lost after birth. The results demonstrated that the cloned calves had the same microsatellite alleles at 11 loci as their nuclear donors. However, the mtDNAs of the five Anatolian Grey cloned calves had different haplotypes from their donor cells and mtDNA heteroplasmy could not be detected in any of the clones. The birth of healthy clones suggests that the haplotype difference between the cell and oocyte donor did not affect the pre- or post-implantation development of the bovine nuclear transfer derived embryos in our study. The results showed that well established nuclear transfer protocols could be useful in conserving endangered species. In conclusion, somatic cell banking can be suggested as a tool in conservation programmes of animal genetic resources

Using cell banks as a tool in conservation programmes of native domestic breeds: the production of the first cloned Anatolian Grey cattle

The aim of this study was to clone native Anatolian Grey cattle by using different donor cell types, such as fibroblast, cartilage and granulosa cells cryopreserved in a gene bank and oocytes aspirated from ovaries of Holstein cows as the recipient cytoplasm source. One male calf from fibroblast, three female calves from granulosa cells and one female calf from cartilage cells were born healthy and at normal birthweights. No calves were lost after birth. The results demonstrated that the cloned calves had the same microsatellite alleles at 11 loci as their nuclear donors. However, the mtDNAs of the five Anatolian Grey cloned calves had different haplotypes from their donor cells and mtDNA heteroplasmy could not be detected in any of the clones. The birth of healthy clones suggests that the haplotype difference between the cell and oocyte donor did not affect the pre- or post-implantation development of the bovine nuclear transfer derived embryos in our study. The results showed that well established nuclear transfer protocols could be useful in conserving endangered species. In conclusion, somatic cell banking can be suggested as a tool in conservation programmes of animal genetic resources