Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives

Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%

A review on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with various vegetable oil

In the present scenario, world energy consumption is increasing rapidly every year because of the increasing trend of modernization and industrialization. Crude oil is the major source for producing energy, results in the degradation of the environment due to fossil fuel combustion. Moreover, the combustion products like carbon di-oxide (CO2), sulphur di-oxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOX) causes global warming.Crude oil depletes every year, to satisfy the energy demands, the crude oil is imported. The environmental problems caused by the indiscriminate use and scarcity of petroleum are the major factor to explore renewable energy resources. The idea of vegetable oil as a fuel to run diesel engines has been on the world stage over a century ago. Vegetable oil is an alternative fuel as a source of energy has been receiving great attention among the researchers because of its renewability, biodegradability, non-toxic and better quality of exhaust gas emissions.A lot of edible and inedible vegetable oils which canbe exploited for substitute fuel as diesel fuel, i.e., jatropha, karanja, rubber seed, cottonseed, palm oil, sun flower oil, rape seed oiland neemoils etc., has been selected and discussed the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine under the variousworking conditions

A review on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with various vegetable oil

225-234In the present scenario, world energy consumption is increasing rapidly every year because of the increasing trend of modernization and industrialization. Crude oil is the major source for producing energy, results in the degradation of the environment due to fossil fuel combustion. Moreover, the combustion products like carbon di-oxide (CO2), sulphur di-oxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOX) causes global warming.Crude oil depletes every year, to satisfy the energy demands, the crude oil is imported. The environmental problems caused by the indiscriminate use and scarcity of petroleum are the major factor to explore renewable energy resources. The idea of vegetable oil as a fuel to run diesel engines has been on the world stage over a century ago. Vegetable oil is an alternative fuel as a source of energy has been receiving great attention among the researchers because of its renewability, biodegradability, non-toxic and better quality of exhaust gas emissions.A lot of edible and inedible vegetable oils which canbe exploited for substitute fuel as diesel fuel, i.e., jatropha, karanja, rubber seed, cottonseed, palm oil, sun flower oil, rape seed oiland neemoils etc., has been selected and discussed the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine under the variousworking conditions

Dry sliding wear behaviour of Industrial semi-crystalline and crystalline polymers

Abstract: At present, polymers are used in many static and dynamic industrial applications such as bushes, gears, bearings, rollers, timing screws and washers having replaced traditional materials like steel brass, bronze, copper and aluminum which undergo wear and tear. The present investigation was made to study the adhesive wear characteristics of semi-crystalline polyurethane polymer and crystalline polyacetal (Polyoxymethylene-POM) polymer. Polymers considered for this study are potential materials for rollers in hybrid chains in food processing industry and medical equipments. The wear tests were performed under dry conditions using a pinon-disc (ASTM G99) arrangement against a mild steel disc (HRB 67) at room temperature under various loads (60, 80,100N) and sliding speeds (1.8, 2.3, 2.8 m/s). Cylindrical shaped polymers of 25 mm diameter were used for the wear tests. Polyacetal was observed to have the lesser wear rate and coefficient of friction irrespective of load and speed because of its crystalline nature. Polyurethane exhibits higher frictional coefficient at higher sliding velocity

Effect of antioxidants on CI engine characteristics of safflower biodiesel with varying fuel injection pressures

A product of microorganisms, crop plants, and animal-based oil, biodiesel holds excellent promise as a sustainable energy resource and a solution to the world's rising energy issues. Biofuel resembles the qualities of fossil diesel, while it is also proven to be a greener fuel and viable alternative. To enhance the properties of biodiesel, the additives, mainly antioxidants, were added to the 20 % blend of safflower biodiesel (B20) at various injection pressures (190, 200, and 210 bar). At a concentration of 1000 ppm, the antioxidants, namely BHA (butylated hydroxy anisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), were added to the B20 blend of higher IP. Investigation on the effects of antioxidants with biodiesel on the performance and emission characteristics were tested in CI diesel engines at different injection pressures (IP). The findings from this study indicate that antioxidants added to biodiesel significantly improved the engine's performance. Higher IP resulted in higher BTE (1.6 %) with lesser emissions of CO (33.33 %), HC (10 %) and smoke (19.5 %) than diesel. But it emits higher NOx emissions (2.5 %). The addition of the antioxidant BHA showed a decrease in NOx emissions by 5 % to higher IP. Thus, the safflower biodiesel B20 added with antioxidant BHA will likely be a tremendous alternate fuel for the CI engine