Fuzzy control of active suspension system

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of active suspension system, using suspension deflection of the vehicle body as the principal criterion of control and fuzzy-logic as the control scheme. This work describes the application of fuzzy logic technique to the control of a continuously damping automotive suspension system. Active suspension systems are multivariable dynamic systems for which it is difficult to derive mathematical models. Therefore, analytical control schemes based on such models are complex to construct and generally do not perform well in practice. Hence intelligent control schemes like fuzzy logic controllers that can control the un modelled part of the suspension dynamics are simple to realize and can yield accurate control. This paper has described a proposed fuzzy control scheme for suspensions of the vehicle, because of its inherent ability to represent dynamics, the controller is easy to adapt for control tasks. The paper also describes the model and controller used in the study and discusses the vehicle response results obtained from a range of road input simulations. The simulation results obtained have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed fuzzy control scheme in Active suspension system

Optimization of wear parameters for aluminium 4% fly-ash composites

Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by stir casting with 4% as fly ash reinforcement has been studied in the work. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted using a pin-on-disc wear-testing machine to study the effect of changeable process parameters such as load, time, and sliding velocity, which have been used as design variables on the output parameters wear rate (WR) and coefficient of friction (COF). Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to find out the most significant parameter that can be controlled to minimize the WR. Further, the wear parameters have been optimized using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach to reduce the WR. Therefore, this study offers useful insights to composite manufacturers, especially for automotive industries

Optimization of wear parameters for aluminium 4% fly-ash composites

458-464Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by stir casting with 4% as fly ash reinforcement has been studied in the work. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted using a pin-on-disc wear-testing machine to study the effect of changeable process parameters such as load, time, and sliding velocity, which have been used as design variables on the output parameters wear rate (WR) and coefficient of friction (COF). Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to find out the most significant parameter that can be controlled to minimize the WR. Further, the wear parameters have been optimized using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach to reduce the WR. Therefore, this study offers useful insights to composite manufacturers, especially for automotive industries

A community-based study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis among menopausal and pre-menopausal women

Background: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among pre and post menopausal women using quantitative ultrasound of calcaneal bone and to identify the risk factors associated with osteoporosis.Methods: This prospective community based epidemiological study was conducted during 2019 in a suburban area attached to Sri Muthu Kumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai. 305 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic details, obstetric, gynaecological and medical history were collected. Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneal bone was used to calculate the bone mineral density. Using statistical methods, risk factors for osteoporosis were analysed.Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.67±9.41 years, 62.2% were post menopausal and 37.38% were premenopausal. The BMD ‘T’ score was normal in 29.8%, osteopenia was diagnosed in 38.4% and osteoporosis in 31.8% of participants. 14% of premenopausal women and 42.4% of postmenopausal women were osteoporotic. Age, menopausal status, duration of menopause, and previous history of fractures emerged as significant risk factors for osteoporosis.Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis is high among both pre-menopausal and menopausal women, but the awareness is limited. This study highlights the need for screening all women after the age of 40 years which is feasible using portable and easily available technology such as quantitative ultrasound of peripheral bones

Identification of microRNAs from Atlantic salmon macrophages upon Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Computational approach was used in to identify potent macrophage specific miRNAs involved in basic biological process of Salmo salar. Analysis of 1119 ESTs from macrophages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infected with Aeromonas salmonicida revealed expression of 3 miRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of both the pre-miRNA sequence revealed its evolutionarily conserved nature among various species. Identified targets of the predicted miRNAs revealed the role of miRNA in pathogenesis, stress response and allosteric exchange of histones. Further detailed studies of these miRNAs will help in revealing its function in different biological process necessary for the action of macrophages upon pathogen infection

Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccination among medical and nursing students in a tertiary care hospital

Background: This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention among medical and nursing students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. The study included 407 subjects; 224 medical students, and 183 nursing students and consent was obtained from each participant prior to the study. A questionnaire survey was used to assess their knowledge on cervical cancer and its prevention. Results: Out of the 407 participants, 95.5% of the medical students and 30.6% of the nursing students knew that HPV virus causes cervical cancer. Medical students had more knowledge on risk factors. 84.38% of medical students and 43.72% of nursing students were aware that vaccine is available for the prevention of cervical cancer. Overall nursing students had limited knowledge on cervical cancer and its prevention. 51.79% of the medical students and 27.87% of the nursing students acquired their knowledge about HPV vaccine through social media. The uptake of HPV vaccine was very low among both medical and nursing students. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that there is a need for creating more awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention among medical and nursing students

Electrode material for lithium battery and lithium battery including thereof

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Integrated Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling-Mediated Gene Mining of Sida cordifolia Reveals Medicinally Important Genes

Sida cordifolia is a medicinal shrub that is conventionally used in the Indian system of medicine;however, the genes contributing to its medicinal properties have been minimally explored, thus limiting its application. High-throughputsequencing and Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) technologies were applied to unravel the medicinally important bioactive compounds. As a result, transcriptomic sequencing generated more than 12 GB of clean data, and 187,215 transcripts were obtained by de novoassembly. These transcripts were broadly classified into 20 classes, based on the gene ontology classification, and 6551 unigenes were annotated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database with more than 142 unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. LC-MS/MS analysis of three tissues of Sida cordifolia revealed that acacetin and procyanidin are some important metabolites identified thatcontribute to its medicinal value. Several key enzymes witha crucial role in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways were identified, especially phenylalanine ammonia lyase, which might be an important rate-limiting enzyme. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed enzymes, such as Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (CAD), Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1 (CF1) and Trans cinnamate 4-monooxygenase(TCM), which were predominantly expressed in root compared to leaf and stem tissue. The study provides a speculative insight for the screening of active metabolites and metabolic engineering in Sida cordifolia

Właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne kompozytów epoksydowych wzmocnionych tkaniną bawełniano-bambusową i włóknem szklanym

Five-layer epoxy composites consisting of two outer layers made of glass fiber and three inner layers of cotton-bamboo fabric were obtained by compression molding. The influence of cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber content (35, 40, 45 and 50 wt%) and the order of stacking laminate layers on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, compressive, impact strength), thermal properties (TGA) and structure (FTIR, SEM) of the composites was investigated. The best mechanical and thermal properties were obtained with the content of 45 wt% cotton-bamboo fabric/glass fiber.Metodą prasowania tłocznego otrzymano pięciowarstwowe kompozyty epoksydowe składające się z dwóch warstw zewnętrznych wykonanych z włókna szklanego oraz trzech wewnętrznych z tkaniny bawełniano-bambusowej. Zbadano wpływ zawartości włókna szklanego (35, 40, 45 i 50% mas) oraz kolejności układania warstw laminatu na właściwości mechaniczne (wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, zginanie i ściskanie oraz udarność), termiczne (TGA) oraz strukturę (FTIR, SEM) kompozytów. Najlepsze właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne uzyskano przy zawartości 45% mas. włókna szklanego

NSAIDs in orthodontic tooth movement

Orthodontic tooth movement is basically a biological response toward a mechanical force. The movement is induced by prolonged application of controlled mechanical forces, which create pressure and tension zones in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, causing remodeling of tooth sockets. Orthodontists often prescribe drugs to manage pain from force application to biologic tissues. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs usually prescribed. NSAIDs block prostaglandin synthesis and result in slower tooth movement. Prostaglandins have been found to play a direct role in bone resorption. Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, vadecoxib, and celecoxib are the commonly prescribed drugs. Acetaminophen is the drug of choice for orthodontic pain without affecting orthodontic tooth movement