Hybrid energy harvesting by reverse di-electric on a piezo-electric generator with thermo-couple and monitoring in WSN

Smart renewable energy harvesting has been implemented from hybrid sources such as solar and wind. The wireless sensor node is created for monitoring surface water. In the intelligent building, electrical energy is harvested from the hybrid source of solar and wind energy. The source energy was selected for the harvesting process by using a fuzzy controller. In this proposed method, piezo-electric reverse electro-wetting on di-electric energy harvesting is proposed where constant DC voltage is generated by a rectifier. A DC-DC converter is designed to power up the remote read-out sensor. The produced charge is transformed by a charge amplifier with the proportion of output voltage that is delivered to the wireless receiver. The harvested DC voltage varies with the temperature and external environmental effect. In our work, we obtained 6 × 10−3 W/m2 of voltage and this harvested energy is monitored using the Internet of Things (IoT) by the proposed EHOR (Energy Harvested Optimized Routing) algorithm

RSM Based Modelling for Mineral and Organic Acid Pretreatment of Coconut Pith using High Pressure Batch Reactor (HPBR)

Attempts have been made in this study to recover reducing sugar from coconut pith by pretreating the pith with a mineral acid (sulphuric acid) and an organic acid (oxalic acid). Pretreatment was carried out in a high pressure batch reactor (HPBR). Biomass loading, reaction time, temperature and acid concentration were chosen as operating parameters. Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to determine the optimum condition. When 87 mg / ml of biomass was treated with 7.56% (w/w) oxalic acid at $134^{\circ}\mathrm {C}$ for 35 min, 62% reducing sugar was recovered. On the other hand, a recovery of 62% reducing sugar was observed when 79 mg/ml of biomass loading with 2.01% (w/w) sulphuric acid was treated at $127^{\circ}\mathrm {C}$ for 50 min. In summary, considering the acid concentration, it was found that pretreatment of oxalic acid is effective for recovering reducing sugars from coconut pith In addition, 33% of glucose yield was observed in the enzymatic saccharification of the oxalic acid pretreated solids in 96 h. In order to investigate morphological changes before and after pretreatment, pith was examined using FTIR, XRD, SEM

Process Optimization for Recovery of Reducing Sugar from Coconut Pith Using Sequential Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification

In this study, pith was hydrothermally pretreated using high pressure batch reactor under different conditions of time and temperature a) case I (2-10 min: 160-220oC); b) case II (10-60 min: 100-160oC). The enzymes used for this study were cellulase (97 FPU/ml) and β – glucosidase (5.1 CBU/mg). The hydrothermal pretreatment process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The solid residues collected after pretreatment were studied for morphological changes using XRD and SEM image evaluation. During the pretreatment step, the reducing sugar recovered was 14% for case I and 4% for case II. During the saccharification process, 43% and 16% of reducing sugar yield was observed for case I and case II, respectively. Total reducing sugar recovery (pretreatment and saccharification) of 57% (13.68 mg/g of dry pith biomass) was observed for pith pretreated under optimum condition for case I, which was higher the case II (20%)