PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM (L) SEEDS

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis of phyto-constituents and antibacterial activity of Coriandrum sativum (L.) seeds against the bacterial [Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC)] strains.Methods: Methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and water extracts of Coriandrum sativum (L) seeds were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial activity of various extracts of C. sativum seeds were identified by disc diffusion method against bacterial strains. The bioactive components of methanol and acetone fraction of C. sativum seeds were evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained by the well diffusion method between the ranges of 1000µg/ml to 7.8µg/ml.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of C. sativum revealed the presence of different Phyto-constituents. Methanol extract of C. sativum showed the maximum inhibition zone (20 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17 mm). The MIC values of methanol extract were found to be 62.5µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis. In the GC-MS analysis of phyto-compounds, the methanol extracts showed fourteen bioactive fractions and eleven compounds from acetone extract.Conclusion: The methanol and acetone extracts of Coriandrum sativum seeds showed maximum inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains.Â

IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CANTHIUM DICOCCUM ON DIFFERENT CANCER CELL LINES

Objective: Cancer remains one of the most dreaded diseases causing an astonishingly high death rate. Despite the use of surgical resection and aggressive chemotherapy, nearly 50% of patients with carcinoma develop recurrent disease, highlighting the need for improved therapies. Henceforth, complementary and alternative medicine is slowly emerging as an option. A variety of ingredients of traditional medicines and herbs are being widely investigated in several parts of the world to analyze their potential as therapeutic agents against cancer. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of methanol extracts of Canthium dicoccum, for its clonogenic inhibition on Human Breast cancer (MD-MB-231), Prostate cancer (PC-3) and Lung cancer (Calu-6) cell lines.Methods: The cytotoxic effect of methanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum was evaluated by MTT assay on MD-MB-231, Calu-6, and PC-3 cells.Results: The methanol extract of C. dicoccum showed significant cytotoxicity against MD-MB-231and Calu-6, when compared to PC-3 cells.Conclusion: The methanol extracts of C. dicoccum showed effective cytotoxic activities in a dose and time dependent manner. Future work will be interesting to know the chemical composition and also better understanding the mechanism of action will help in developing it as drug for therapeutic application.Â

Yolk sac tumour in pre-pubertal girl: a case report

The commonest malignant ovarian tumour in the adolescent group is yolk sac tumour. It is commonly encountered in adolescents and young women. Incidence is 1% of all ovarian tumours. We reported a case of yolk sac tumour in a 9-year-old girl who presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain, not settling with medical management. Abdominal ultrasonogram showed a left adnexal echogenic mass measuring 5×6 cm with cystic spaces and internal vascularity. MRI abdomen showed T2/STIR hetero intense mass indenting the uterus and posterior bladder wall, multiple bilateral internal iliac, external iliac, left common iliac, aortic and bilateral inguinal nodes along with minimal ascites were seen. She underwent laparoscopy with trucut biopsy which showed moderate nuclear atypia with occasional Schiller-Duval body. Medical oncologist opinion was obtained and she was advised 4 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin, bleomycin and etoposide. Later she was planned for laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery. Laparoscopy showed rudimentary uterus, residual left ovarian mass, bilateral normal tubes and small pre-pubertal right ovary. Hence, left salpingo-oophorectomy, infra colic omentectomy and suspicious residual deposits of 1×1 cm near the right broad ligament were removed. Histopathological report of ovary showed no evidence of any residual malignancy. Peritoneum and omentum were free of tumour. Following laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery she is on follow up with AFP till date which is in declining levels and almost reached a normal value

Characterization of the inflammatory cells in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms in patients with Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysms, and sporadic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to characterize the inflammatory infiltrate in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm, or nonfamilial thoracic aortic aneurysm. BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic aneurysms are associated with a pathologic lesion termed medial degeneration, which is described as a noninflammatory lesion. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a complication of Marfan syndrome and can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner of familial thoracic aortic aneurysm. METHODS: Full aortic segments were collected from patients undergoing elective repair with Marfan syndrome (n = 5), familial thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 6), and thoracic aortic aneurysms (n = 9), along with control aortas (n = 5). Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using antibodies directed against markers of lymphocytes and macrophages. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to quantify the expression level of the T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region gene. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry of thoracic aortic aneurysm aortas demonstrated that the media and adventitia from Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm, and sporadic cases had increased numbers of T lymphocytes and macrophages when compared with control aortas. The number of T cells and macrophages in the aortic media of the aneurysm correlated inversely with the patient\u27s age at the time of prophylactic surgical repair of the aorta. T-cell receptor profiling indicated a similar clonal nature of the T cells in the aortic wall in a majority of aneurysms, whether the patient had Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysm, or sporadic disease. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the infiltration of inflammatory cells contributes to the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Superantigen-driven stimulation of T lymphocytes in the aortic tissues of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms may contribute to the initial immune response

Regulation of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Proteoglycans by Glucose

The presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in anionic sites in the lamina rara interna of glomerular basement membrane suggests that the proteoglycan may be deposited by the glomerular endothelial cells (GEndo). We have previously demonstrated that bovine GEndo in vitro synthesize perlecan, a species of glomerular basement membrane HSPG. In this study we examined whether high glucose medium regulates the GEndo metabolism of glycopeptides including perlecan. Metabolic labeling of glycoconjugates with 35S-SO4, sequential ion exchange and Sepharose CL-4B chromatography of labeled glycoconjugates, and northern analysis were performed. Incubation of GEndo for 8 to 14 weeks (but not for 1-2 weeks) in medium containing 30 mM glucose resulted in nearly 50% reduction in the synthesis of cell layer and medium 35SO4-labeled low anionic glycoproteins and proteoglycans, including that of basement membrane HSPG (Kav 0.42) compared to GEndo grown in 5 mM glucose medium; no changes in anionic charge density or hydrodynamic size of proteoglycans were noted. Northern analysis demonstrated that the mRNA abundance of perlecan was reduced by 47% in cells incubated with 30 mM glucose. Our data suggest that high glucose medium reduces the GEndo synthesis of perlecan by regulating its gene expression. Reduced synthesis of perlecan by GEndo may contribute to proteinuria seen in diabetic nephropathy

Numerical study of inlet cross-section effect on oblique finned microchannel heat sink

The current study is focused on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of an oblique finned micro-channel heat sink with different inlet cross-sections. Water and Al2O3-water nanofluid with 0.25% volume fraction were used as heat trans¬fer fluids. The oblique finned micro-channel heat sinks of size 48 × 80 mm were designed with three different inlet cross-sections, namely square, semicircle and trapezoidal. The ANSYS FLUENT simulations validated with the aid of an existing experimental work. The flow regime in micro-channel heat sink is constrained to laminar flow in the study. The three inlet cross-sections have been investigated by varying Reynolds number for Water and Al2O3-water nanofluid. The trapezoidal cross-section with average heat transfer rate 3.35% and pressure drop 8.6% is more efficient than other cross-sections due to larger wall area and effective entrance length. The oblique finned micro-channel heat sink with the trapezoidal cross-section is suitable for the micro-electronic cooling systems