Extraction, content, activity and possible applications of selected mushroom species

Upotrebom 50% etanola i superkritičnog ugljendioksida kao ekstragensa izvršena je ekstrakcija različitih vrsta pečuraka. Nakon određivanja prinosa suvih ekstrakata, u njima su određeni: sadržaj ukupnih fenola i ukupnih flavonoida, sadržaj makro- i mikro-elemenata, sadržaj adenozina, kao i sadržaj karakterističnih komponenata pistilarina i variegetične kiseline. Najveći sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja određen je u suvom ekstraktu pečurke C. pistillaris, najveći sadržaj ukupnih flavonoida u ekstraktu D. confragosa, a najviše esencijalnog cinka i selena sadrži suvi ekstrakt pečurke B. edulis. U odnosu na ostale suve ekstrakte ekstrakt pečurke L. saccatum sadrži nekoliko puta veću količinu adenozina. Antioksidativno delovanje suvih ekstrakata analizirano je primenom spektrofotometrijskih i EPR metode. Ekstrakti C. pistillaris, B. edulis i A. mellea pokazali su se kao najefikasniji skevindžeri najopasnije slobodnoradikalske vrste hidroksil radikala, dok se efikasnim u prevenciji lipidne peroksidacije mogu smatrati ekstrakti B. edulis, A. mellea i L. saccatum. Nakon određivanja prinosa supekritičnih ekstrakata ispitivanih pečuraka, u njima je analiziran sastav masnih kiselina i detektovana jedinjenja sterolnog tipa. U ispitivanim ekstraktima dominantna je nezasićena linoleinska kiselina, a značajan je udeo i oleinske nezasićene masne kiseline. Dominantno jedinjenje sterolne strukture u gotovo svim ekstraktima je ergosterol. Ispitan je uticaj superkritičnih ekstrakata pečuraka na fluidnost membrane eritrocita i na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno da bi značajnu ulogu u antihipertenzivnoj ishrani mogle imati pečurke A. mellea i M. procera.Using 50% ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide different mushroom extracts were prepared. After analysis of extraction yield, content of total phenols and total flavonoids, content of macro-elements and micro-elements, as well as content of adenosine and characteristic compounds (pistilarin and variegatic acid) were determined. Highest content od total phenols was determined in C. pistillaris extract, highest content of total flavonoids in D. confragosa and highest content of essential zinc and selenium in B. edulis dry extract. In comparsion to other extracts L. saccatum posses few time higher content of adenosine. Antioxidat activity was analysed by spectrophotometric and EPR methods. Extracts of C. pistillaris, B. edulis and A. mellea have been showed as a most efficient in scavenging of dangerous OH˙ radical. In lipid peroxidation prevention significant were mushrooms extracts of B. edulis, A. mellea and L. saccatum. After determination of mushrooms supercritical extraction yield, fatty acid composition and sterol components were analysed. Dominant unsaturated fatty acid in investigated mushroom extracts was linoleic acid. Content of oleic fatty acid was also significant. Dominant compound of sterol structure, in almost all supercritical extracts, was ergosterole. Influence of supercritical mushroom extracts on eritrocite membrane fluidity was investigated. Acording to obtained results, mushrooms A. mellea and M. procera could have significant role in antihypertensive diet

Extraction, content, activity and possible applications of selected mushroom species

Upotrebom 50% etanola i superkritičnog ugljendioksida kao ekstragensa izvršena je ekstrakcija različitih vrsta pečuraka. Nakon određivanja prinosa suvih ekstrakata, u njima su određeni: sadržaj ukupnih fenola i ukupnih flavonoida, sadržaj makro- i mikro-elemenata, sadržaj adenozina, kao i sadržaj karakterističnih komponenata pistilarina i variegetične kiseline. Najveći sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja određen je u suvom ekstraktu pečurke C. pistillaris, najveći sadržaj ukupnih flavonoida u ekstraktu D. confragosa, a najviše esencijalnog cinka i selena sadrži suvi ekstrakt pečurke B. edulis. U odnosu na ostale suve ekstrakte ekstrakt pečurke L. saccatum sadrži nekoliko puta veću količinu adenozina. Antioksidativno delovanje suvih ekstrakata analizirano je primenom spektrofotometrijskih i EPR metode. Ekstrakti C. pistillaris, B. edulis i A. mellea pokazali su se kao najefikasniji skevindžeri najopasnije slobodnoradikalske vrste hidroksil radikala, dok se efikasnim u prevenciji lipidne peroksidacije mogu smatrati ekstrakti B. edulis, A. mellea i L. saccatum. Nakon određivanja prinosa supekritičnih ekstrakata ispitivanih pečuraka, u njima je analiziran sastav masnih kiselina i detektovana jedinjenja sterolnog tipa. U ispitivanim ekstraktima dominantna je nezasićena linoleinska kiselina, a značajan je udeo i oleinske nezasićene masne kiseline. Dominantno jedinjenje sterolne strukture u gotovo svim ekstraktima je ergosterol. Ispitan je uticaj superkritičnih ekstrakata pečuraka na fluidnost membrane eritrocita i na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno da bi značajnu ulogu u antihipertenzivnoj ishrani mogle imati pečurke A. mellea i M. procera.Using 50% ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide different mushroom extracts were prepared. After analysis of extraction yield, content of total phenols and total flavonoids, content of macro-elements and micro-elements, as well as content of adenosine and characteristic compounds (pistilarin and variegatic acid) were determined. Highest content od total phenols was determined in C. pistillaris extract, highest content of total flavonoids in D. confragosa and highest content of essential zinc and selenium in B. edulis dry extract. In comparsion to other extracts L. saccatum posses few time higher content of adenosine. Antioxidat activity was analysed by spectrophotometric and EPR methods. Extracts of C. pistillaris, B. edulis and A. mellea have been showed as a most efficient in scavenging of dangerous OH˙ radical. In lipid peroxidation prevention significant were mushrooms extracts of B. edulis, A. mellea and L. saccatum. After determination of mushrooms supercritical extraction yield, fatty acid composition and sterol components were analysed. Dominant unsaturated fatty acid in investigated mushroom extracts was linoleic acid. Content of oleic fatty acid was also significant. Dominant compound of sterol structure, in almost all supercritical extracts, was ergosterole. Influence of supercritical mushroom extracts on eritrocite membrane fluidity was investigated. Acording to obtained results, mushrooms A. mellea and M. procera could have significant role in antihypertensive diet

High pressure and ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Santolina chamaecyparissus

The objective of this study was to determine the most adequate process, using a green approach, which ensures maximal exploitation of Santolina chamaecypatissus and attainment of high quality extracts rich in bioactive compounds and with strong antioxidant activity. Two environmentally friendly techniques were applied, supercritical carbon dioxide for isolating volatile compounds and ultrasound-assisted extraction for obtaining extracts rich in polyphenolic compounds

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TIME ON QUALITY OF SPRAY-DRIED EXTRACTS OF BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.)

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a member of the Lamiaceae family, is the major essential oil crop which is cultivated commercially in many countries. The aromatic leaves of basil are used fresh or dried as a flavoring agent for foods, confectionery products and beverages. In the current study macerates of basil were spray dried with addition of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% maltodextrin. In order to evaluate influence of storage time on quality of four basil powders the moisture content, rehydration, bulk density, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were tested immediately after production and after 50 days long storage at room temperature in desiccator. This study showed that 50 days long storage time did not influence negatively on quality of basil powders regarding all investigated parameters except moisture content which rose for 30 - 40 %

Isoflavone content and antioxidant properties of soybean seeds

The isoflavone content and antioxidant properties of five Croatian soybean seed cultivars from two locations were analysed. The content of total and individual isofavones was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. For determination of antioxidant properties scavenging capacity on DPPHֹ radicals has been applied. The total phenolic content, oil and protein content in soybean cultivars were also determined. Significant differences in the content of individual isoflavones were observed within the soybean cultivars. The total phenol content in soybean cultivars ranged from 87.2 to 216.3 mg GAE/100g of soybean. The total isoflavone content in soybean seeds ranged from 80.7 to 213.6 mg/100g of soybean. The most abundant isoflavone in soybean seeds was genistein. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among two locations in total and individual isoflavone contents. The highest contents of total isoflavones were found in cultivar “os55-95”. Conversely, cultivars poor in isoflavones also showed low levels of DPPH-radical scavenging activity