Antioxidantes fenólicos en el aceite de coco: factores que afectan la cantidad y la calidad. Revisión

The total phenol content (TPC) in coconut oil varies with extraction method, variety, nature of coconut kernel components and geographical origin. Commonly reported TPCs of coconut oils extracted by dry methods and wet methods are in the range of 70-300 mg/kg and 250-650 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the commonly reported data, the TPC of coconut oil varies by up to 527 mg/kg oil, 180 mg/kg oil, and 172 mg/kg oil due to the influence of the extraction method, coconut variety and the nature of kernel components, respectively. The identity of the phenolic compounds also varies with the extraction method. Caffeic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and syringic acid are present in different quantities in coconut oil when extracted by all methods. However, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, vanillic and epicatechin are present only in some coconut oils. Many free phenolic compounds present in olive oil are also present in coconut oil.El contenido total de fenoles (CTF) del aceite de coco varía según el método de extracción, la variedad, la naturaleza de los componentes del grano de coco y el origen geográfico. Los CTF comúnmente reportados de aceites de coco extraídos por métodos secos y métodos húmedos están en el rango de 70-300 mg/kg y 250-650 mg/kg respectivamente. En base a estos datos comúnmente reportados, el CTF de los aceites de coco varía hasta 527 mg/kg de aceite, 180 mg/kg de aceite y 172 mg/kg de aceite debido a la influencia del método de extracción, la variedad del coco y la naturaleza de los componentes del grano, respectivamente. La identidad de los compuestos fenólicos también varía con el método de extracción. El ácido caféico, la catequina, el ácido p-cumárico, el ácido ferúlico y el ácido siríngico están presentes en diferentes cantidades en los aceites de coco extraídos por todos los métodos. Sin embargo, el ácido clorogénico, el ácido cinámico, la epigalocatequina, el ácido gálico, la vainillina y la epicatequina están presentes solo en algunos aceites de coco. Muchos compuestos fenólicos libres que están presentes en el aceite de oliva también están presentes en el aceite de coco

Iginio Tansini revisited

The origin of the muscolocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap dates back to 1906 when Igino Tansini, an Italian surgeon, described a procedure to reconstruct the mastectomy defect. After a detailed study of Tansini's original description and drawings, new insights about the pedicle of its compound flap have been found, showing that it has the same pedicle of the scapular flap. In the end, Tansini's flap should be more correctly considered as a compound musculocutaneous scapular flap

Toll-like receptors and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis

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Effect of a non-native bio filmed bio fertilizer for rice in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka

Rice is the staple food crop of Sri Lanka and the eastern province alone contributes to more than 21% of the total production of the country. Excessive amounts of chemical fertilizers are used to obtain a higher yield which has been noted to contribute to deteriorate soil microbial community. This leads to poor quality soil resulting in poor crop growth. Use of microbial biofertilizers for rice has gained momentum as a measure of replenishing the depleted soil microbiome, and to restore the beneficial processes. Amongst microbial biofertilizers, biofilmed biofertilizers (BFBFs) have been found to act as microbial ameliorators in deteriorated soil, contributing to better plant growth and higher yield. A field trial using a BFBF (comprising of non-native microorganisms) and rice variety BG 357 was conducted in 2011 Yala season (May — August) at Sammanthurai Agriculture Research Station to assess the potential of the BFBF for rice in the Eastern province. The use of BFBF increased seed germination by ca. 16% (P<0.005) and heading by 8.34%. However, there was no observable effect on yield although the same BFBF showed significant plant growth promoting effect and yield potential at the field trials conducted at Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda (the location of the strains of the BFBF) in 2010 Yala season. Poor plant growth and no heading in BFBF alone indicate the poor competitive ability of the strains of BFBF which are non-native to the region. A BFBF developed from strains native to the region may be effective. Further research is needed in this regar

Biology of Baculovirus and Use of Baculovirus in Pest Control

Members of the baculovirus family Baculoviridae have circular double-stranded DNA and can be used as biopesticide agents. This virus causes cell death inside the midgut of insects, specifically the insects that belong to the order Lepidoptera. Here we will be reviewing recent discoveries related to the baculovirus, the biology of these viruses, current research on baculovirus, and future directions in the field of baculovirus research, and practical applications baculovirus. Specifically, we will focus on the ways the baculovirus can be genetically modified to serve as a biopesticide agent in agricultural and forest management practices against invasive species. The baculovirus can cause changes in behavioral patterns in insect hosts; however, our main focus will be on understanding the baculovirus as an efficient way to control pests in agricultural and forest areas

Latent tuberculosis infection screening of adult close contacts in London: a cost-utility analysis

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines in 2016 recommend tuberculin skin test (TST) at a 5 mm induration size cut-off for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening of adult close contacts of active tuberculosis (TB) cases. An alternative would be to use an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) which has a higher specificity, such as the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube (QFT-GIT) or T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT). We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the screening and treatment of LTBI in adult close contacts with various combinations of these tests in a representative London cohort. Methods: Clinical data of adult close contacts of pulmonary TB cases who were recommended to receive TST and IGRA in a TB clinic in London between 2008 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. A Markov decision analytic model, using an NHS perspective and lifetime horizon, was used to compare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with 7 screening strategies followed by chemoprophylaxis: TST alone, IGRA (QFT-GIT or T-SPOT) alone, TST positive followed by IGRA, and TST negative followed by IGRA. Future costs and QALYs were discounted at 3.5% per year. Results: 381 asymptomatic close contacts aged 18 to 65 years were included in this study. The mean age was 35.2 years and the majority (75.3%) were BCG vaccinated. In the base-case analysis, QFT-GIT was the most cost-effective strategy with £6876 per QALY gained, compared to TST positive followed by QFT-GIT strategy. QFT-GIT alone averted 1.6 TB cases per 1000 contacts compared to TST positive followed by QFT-GIT. Conclusion: Of the considered testing strategies, the QFT-GIT alone is preferable for LTBI screening in adult close contacts of pulmonary TB cases in London

Identification of antifungal molecules from novel probiotic Lactobacillus bacteria for control of Candida infection

1. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria were identified to have antifungal properties against Candida albicans. 2. The cell-free supernatant of the lactic acid bacteria was successfully fractionated and purified using fast performance liquid chromatography. 3. Eight of the 41 fractions containing the antifungal components exhibited a growth inhibitory effect against C albicans.published_or_final_versio