Deformation, Sandstone Detrital Zircon Ages, and Provenance in and near the Eocene Leavenworth Fault Zone, Washington

The North Cascades is an excellent area to study basins and strike-slip faults that formed during regional transtension. This structural, petrographic, and U-Pb geochronological study focuses on the Eocene Leavenworth fault (LVF), which separates Eocene non-marine clastic rocks of the Chumstick Formation and older Swauk Formation. The LVF has been interpreted as a dextral strike-slip fault active during Chumstick deposition and as a reverse fault. Poles to beds (n=207) in the Swauk Formation trend WNW, oblique to the ~320˚-striking LVF, and commonly dip SSW, defining a girdle and a fold axis plunging 4˚ toward 297˚. Beds (n=50) in the Chumstick Formation trend NW and generally dip NE, and poles to beds define a fold axis plunging 13˚ towards 306˚. Overall, 70% of folds in the formations trend NW to WNW, \u3c30˚ counter-clockwise to the main strand of the LVF, compatible with dextral transpression. Most faults in the Swauk and Chumstick formations strike \u3e45˚ or \u3c30˚ to the main strand of the LVF. Their movement sense is unknown. Source terranes for the Swauk Formation likely include the Cascades crystalline core to the N and NE and a combination of other relatively local sources to the N, NE, and SW. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages in the Swauk Formation range from 67.2 ± 1.9 to 50.46 ± 0.17 Ma, constraining the timing of deposition and early folding of the Swauk Formation. Distinctive ~91 Ma tonalitic clasts in Chumstick conglomerate were likely transported ~20 km from their source by dextral slip of the Leavenworth fault zone

Incidence of microplastics in the marine ecosystem of the Cíes Islands & surrounding areas of Atlantic Islands National Park, Galicia (NW Spain): seabirds as vectors of plastic contamination

The Atlantic coast of Galicia (Spain) is home to a region called the Rías Baixas where the Atlantic Island National Park and the Cíes Islands lie. These islands are home to the Larus michahellis, or yellow-legged gull. This species is a transport vector for microplastic analysis. The study was conducted in April and focused on cast pellet as well as excrement samples of the yellow-legged gull. KOH and H2O2 digestion and density separation using a ZnCl2 solution were utilized alongside the aid of RAMAN spectroscopy to identify microplastics. Sampling of the sand at Rodas beach was conducted alongside a marine litter survey to quantify the amount of plastic contamination present in the island. The results show that microplastics are present in both the yellow-legged gull samples. Microplastics were present mostly in fiber form (68% of MPs in cast pellets and 48.4% in excrement), with the most common plastic types being sulphones (26% in cast pellets and 29% in excrement), polypropylene (20% in cast pellets and 32.3% in excrement), and cellulose (26% in cast pellets and 19.4% in excrement). Most MP colors were dark (blue, purple, and black; 76% in cast pellets and 71% in excrement) and followed the findings of previous researchers. Additionally, Estimates show that 12.63 million particles of microplastics are deposited each year by the feces of Larus michahellis in the Cíes Islands. The quantity of microplastic items in the sand of Rodas beach can be estimated to be approximately 1.1 million items within the first 5 cm of depth. Sand samples show primarily fibers (49%), with sulphone-based polymers as the most common (52.5%), and dark colors (blue, purple, and black; 78%)O Parque Nacional das Ilhas Atlânticas e as Ilhas Cíes localiza-se nas Rías Baixas, na costa atlântica da Galiza (Espanha). Estas ilhas são local de nidificação da gaivota-de-patas-amarelas (Larus michahellis), espécie conhecida como vetor de transporte de microplásticos. O estudo foi realizado em abril e concentrou-se em regurgitos, bem como em amostras de excrementos da gaivota-de-patas-amarelas. A digestão de KOH e H2O2 e a separação de densidade usando uma solução de ZnCl2 foram usadas juntamente com o auxílio da espectroscopia RAMAN para identificar os microplásticos. Amostras da areia da praia de Rodas foram realizadas paralelamente a um levantamento do lixo marinho para quantificar o nível de contaminação de plásticos presentes na ilha. Os resultados mostram que os microplásticos estão presentes em ambas as amostras de gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas. Estimativas mostram que 12,63 milhões de partículas de microplásticos são depositadas por ano pela população de Larus michahellis nas Ilhas Cíes. Além disso, os microplásticos foram encontrados principalmente na forma de fibra (68% dos MPs nos regurgitos e 48.4% nos excrementos), sulfonas (26% nos regurgitos e 29% nos excrementos), polipropileno (20% nos regurgitos e 32.3% nos excrementos) e celulose (26% nos regurgitos e 19.4% nos excrementos). Muitos dos itens encontrados foram de cor escura (azul, roxo, e preto; 76% nos nos regurgitos e 71% nos excrementos), estando de acordo com estudos anteriores. A quantidade de microplásticos na areia da Praia de Rodas pode ser estimada em aproximadamente 1,1 milhão de itens nos primeiros 5 cm de profundidade. As mostras de areia apresentam principalmente fibras (49%), o polímero mais comum nestas foi o derivado de sulfonas (52.5%), e de cor escuras (azul, roxo, e preto; 78%). Keywords: microplastics; larus michahellis; seabirds; pellet; regurgitation; fece

Urban greenways planning. A vision plan for Milan (Italy)

Greenways are “green infrastructure” to link people and places (Fabos, 1995) and can be planned at different scales (from national to municipal) and for multiple purposes, “including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic” (Ahern, 1995), “to provide people with access to open spaces close to where they live” (President\u27s Commission on Americans Outdoors, 1987), in order to “enhance both the environment and quality of life” (European Greenways Association, 2000). At the municipal scale, the urban greenways network can help to reshape the city, making it more livable; urban greenways represent “at once the parks for the 21st century and a part of the transportation infrastructure, providing for pleasant, efficient, healthful and environmentally-sound travel by foot, bicycle or skates” (New York City Department of City Planning, 1993). Turner (2006) reported the results of a research conducted in 2001 among the British local authorities, in which come out the different purpose of urban greenway planning: creating a coherent (green) network of public open spaces, creating a green transport network that confers a vital new use on public open spaces, contributing to the reintegration of planning for ‘town’ and ‘country’ in order to serve the needs of a new urban population seeking active recreation in the countryside. The most important benefits of greenways in urban areas are environmental protection, recreation, and alternative transportation. These benefits cannot be realized unless the greenway planners take a systematic approach to the delineation of greenway paths (Conine et al., 2004). Various methodologies for greenways planning that take into account the many factors in a cohesive manner have been developed for and successfully applied, such as those described in Flink and Searns (1993), Smith and Hellmund (1993), Fabos (1995), Tzolova (1995), Xiang (1996), Toccolini et al. (2004), Ribeiro and Barao (2006) and Toccolini et al. (2006). In the present study three significant experiences were analyzed more in depth: New York City (New York City Department of City Planning, 1993), Vancouver (City of Vancouver, 1995) and Brussels (Institut Bruxellois pour la Gestion de l’Environnement, 2001). There has always been a strong link between the city of New York and the Greenways; as a matter of fact it is right here where it was first conceived the first plan of the modern age concerning a network of urban greenways (in 1866, with the Parkways designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux). Over the years, the great metropolis has preserved this link and recently this link has led to a plan of Greenways for the city. The plan was proposed in 1993 by NYC Department of City Planning. The plan states that “greenways would be a system of bicycle-pedestrian pathways along natural and manmade linear spaces such as rail and highway rightsof- way, river corridors, waterfront spaces, parklands and, where necessary, city streets. They are at once the parks for the 21st century and a part of the transportation infrastructure, providing for pleasant, efficient, healthful and environmentally-sound travel by foot, bicycle or skates”. The plan concerns a system of about 570 km of greenways designed to create new opportunities from a recreational point of view, increase the mobility of cyclists and pedestrians and generally speaking was created to enhance the quality of life of NY citizens. The network of greenways brings advantages in many fields, such as citizens health, transportation, socializing development and recreational aspects. As a matter of fact, the plan for NY wants greenways to accomplish different tasks: ⎯ build new spaces that are easily reachable from home and work, through which it is possible to explore and appreciate the different metropolitan environments; ⎯ offer recreational advantages (sunbathing, staying outdoors, admiring the landscape, relax, getting in touch with nature, etc.); ⎯ improve people health (physical activities, outdoor sports); ⎯ provide an alternative, completion and integration with traditional means of transportation; ⎯ provide the possibility to decrease traffic and urban pollution; ⎯ build natural “buffer zones” to separate areas with different functions (residential areas, commercial areas, etc.); ⎯ represent a meeting place to socialize with other people

La Biblioteca Speleo della Società Alpina delle Giulie – Commissione Grotte, Eugenio Boegan, Trieste

Gli Autori presentano una breve panoramica della struttura e consistenza della biblioteca della Commissione Grotte della Società Alpina delle Giulie, formata da circa un migliaio di monografie, quasi 500 periodici, manuali, guide, atti di convegni ecc. A questa fanno seguire le linee guida sugli sviluppi futuri della stessa, con particolare riguardo alle possibilità fornite dall’informatica.The authors present an overview of the structure of the library of the CGEB (Società Alpina delle Giulie), formed nearly a thousand monographs, 500 between periodicals, manuals, guides, conference proceedings, etc. Follow the guide lines on future developments of the same library, with particular regard to the possibilities provided by information technology

Thyroid Doses and Risk of Thyroid Cancer For Members of Public Exposed to I-131

The purpose of this report is to estimate radiation doses to the thyroid gland and risk of thyroid cancer incidence for individuals exposed to I-131 in fallout from nuclear weapons tested at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and in releases from different nuclear facilities operated in the United States. Estimates are produced for individuals living around Oak Ridge, Tennessee, who were exposed both to I-131 from NTS fallout and to I-131 released from the X-10 nuclear facility; for individuals living around Hanford, Washington, who were exposed both to I-131 from NTS fallout and to I-131 released from the Hanford facility; and for individuals living in other regions of the country where they were exposed only to I-131 from NTS fallout. Individuals in the latter group lived mostly in areas of Utah, Montana, and Idaho, where deposition of I-131 is known to have been larger than average deposition across the U.S. This research was completed money allocated during Round 2 of the Citizens’ Monitoring and Technical Assessment Fund (MTA Fund). Clark University was named conservator of these works. If you have any questions or concerns please contact us at [email protected]://commons.clarku.edu/radiochem/1001/thumbnail.jp

An Exploratory Study of Users’ Preference for Different Planting Combinations along Rural Greenways

The literature highlights the importance of vegetation to enhance the ecological and visual qualities of streets and paths; however, when studies specifically focus on rural greenways they do not consider users' assessments of the planting design. This exploratory study aims to contribute to this issue. It is hypothesized that planting combinations characterized by greater variety and aesthetic flow may be more preferred and restorative. To this end, four virtual scenarios simulating bikers moving along a greenway at 25 km/h were created to find out the following: first, what kind of planting combination is the most preferred, and second, which planting combination is perceived as the most restorative by bicycle riders. To assess the experience, subjects were administered a questionnaire made up of: (i) the Perceived Restorativeness Scale-11 with additional items to assess compatibility, familiarity, and preference; (ii) a list of physical and aesthetic attributes; and (iii) information on bicycle use. The results show that participants' preferences were a ffected by the perception of the scenario's restorative value, which was not given exclusively by the degree of naturalness, but by the opportunity the greenway o ffered to engage in social/physical activities. This study shows that preference and restorativeness are not a "simple" matter of quantity of vegetation, but of quality instead, i.e., planting variety. Designers have to consider that the restorative value of greenways is related to the opportunities they offer to engage in physical/social activities

O FIM DO AGRAVO RETIDO NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL

RESUMO A busca do presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar o instituto do agravo retido que, fez parte do Código de Processo Civil de 1973 e acabou sendo excluído com a reforma ocorrida no Novo Código de Processo Civil que entrou em vigor em março de 2016. No Código de Processo Civil de 1973 o agravo retido era o instrumento cabível contra decisão interlocutória, aquelas proferidas antes e depois das sentenças terminativas de mérito, não dependia de preparo e podia ser interposto em primeiro grau, podendo ser apreciado futuramente, admitindo a retratação do juiz, caso em que não será julgado, conforme o artigo 529 CPC/1973. Com a aplicação do Novo Código de Processo Civil o agravo retido passou a não existir, o que acaba, talvez, ferindo o duplo grau de jurisdição. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agravo Retido; Código Civil de 1973; Novo Código de Processo Civil; Perdas e Ganhos com a retirada do Agravo Retido. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the Institute of Retention, which was part of the Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 and ended up being excluded with the reform occurred in the New Code of Civil Procedure that came into force in March 2016. In the Code Of Civil Procedure of 1973, the retained offense was the appropriate instrument against an interlocutory decision, those pronounced before and after the final judgments of merit, did not depend on preparation and could be filed in the first degree and could be evaluated in the future, In which case it will not be judged, according to article 529 CPC / 1973. With the application of the New Code of Civil Procedure, the withholding of the grievance has not existed, which, perhaps, hurts the double degree of jurisdiction. KEYWORDS: Related searches Civil Code of 1973; New Code of Civil Procedure; Losses and Gains from Withdrawal of Retention

Estudo de caso: análise da estabilidade de um muro de contenção com patologias

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Joinville. Engenharia de Infraestrutura.Um muro de contenção é utilizado para estabilizar as forças laterais geradas pelo maciço de solo. Neste estudo de caso, o muro localizado na rua Albatroz, bairro Costa e Silva, na cidade de Joinville/SC, situa-se na divisa entre dois terrenos, servindo como contenção ao desnível de terra existente. Após inspeção visual, verificou-se que o muro apresenta patologias, caracterizadas por inclinação em relação ao eixo vertical e fissuras pontuais. A fim de se verificar a estabilidade do local, foram analisadas as condições atuais de estabilidade interna e externa do muro. Com as informações coletadas inloco, a estabilidade externa e interna foram avaliadas através do softwares GeoStudio e Excel, respectivamente. As informações para alimentação dos softwares foram obtidas através de ensaios de laboratório, com amostras do solo coletado no terreno à jusante, e em campo, com os dados de três furos de sondagem fornecidos por um empreendimento vizinho, localizado à menos de 100m da região estudada. O problema foi reproduzido e interpretado baseado nas informações sobre: geometria, obtidas em campo, perfil do solo, estimado através de interpretação de boletins de sondagem Standard Penetration Test (SPT), e os parâmetros de coesão e ângulo de atrito dos solos, determinados pelo ensaio de cisalhamento direto ou correlações com o ensaio SPT. Através das análises dos fatores de segurança em relação a estabilidade, percebeu-se que o muro de contenção apresenta risco de tombamento, fato evidenciado pelas patologias, caracterizadas por inclinação em relação ao eixo vertical.A retaining wall was used to stabilize the lateral forces generated by the ground mass. In this case, the wall located on Albatroz Street, Costa e Silva, in the city of Joinville / SC, is located between two terrains, used as a retaining between different levels of soil. After visual inspection, it was verified that the wall shows pathologies, characterized by vertical inclination and occasional fissures. In order to verify the stability of the area, the current conditions of internal and external stability of the wall were analyzed. With the information collected inloco, external and internal stability were analyzes by the GeoStudio and Excel softwares, respectively. The information inserted in the softwares were obtained through laboratory tests, with soil samples collected in the ground downstream, and in the field, with the data of three drill holes provided by a neighboring project, located at less than 100m from the studied region. The problem was interpreted and reproduced based on the follow informations: geometry, obteined in the field, soil profile, estimated by interpretation of survey reports, standard penetration test (SPT) of studied slope and the parameters of cohesion and friction angle of the soils. Through the analysis of the safety factors of stability, it was observed that the retaining wall presents a risk of overturning, a evidenced by the pathologies, characterized by vertical inclinatio

La lucha contra el terrorismo en el Estado de Derecho: dilemas legales, morales y estratégicos

This paper analyzes the legal, moral and strategic dilemmas posed by\ninternational terrorism and counter-terrorist actions to societies that live under the principles of the Rule of Law, democracy and human rights. In the first part we will briefly refer to the rise of modern international terrorism\nand adopt a definition of the concept. In the second part we will discuss whether or not terrorism is an effective method to achieve the declared objectives of those who use it. In the third part, we will discuss how to deal\nwith this threat, addressing the issue from three approaches: i) should we\nnegotiate with terrorists?; ii) should terrorist attacks be considered criminal\noffenses or acts of war?; and iii) what interest should prevail in counter-terrorist action: public security or civil liberties? Finally, we will conclude the study by establishing what basic principles should govern the fight against terrorismFil: Senes, Emiliano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Senes, Emiliano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Elementos de Derecho Internacional Público. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEn este trabajo se analizarán los dilemas legales, morales y estratégicos que presentan el terrorismo internacional y las acciones contraterroristas a las sociedades que viven bajo los principios del Estado de Derecho, la democracia y los derechos humanos. En la primera parte haremos una breve referencia al surgimiento del terrorismo internacional moderno y adoptaremos una definición del concepto. En la segunda parte discutiremos si el terrorismo resulta o no un método efectivo para alcanzar los objetivos declarados por quienes lo utilizan. En la tercera parte debatiremos cómo lidiar con esta amenaza, abordando la cuestión desde tres enfoques: i) ¿debemos negociar con los terroristas?; ii) ¿los ataques terroristas deben ser considerados delitos penales o actos de guerra?; y iii) ¿qué interés debe primar en la acción antiterrorista: la seguridad pública o las libertades individuales? Finalmente, concluiremos el estudio estableciendo cuáles principios básicos habrán de regir la lucha contra el terrorismo

Soft Mobility Network for the Enhancement and Discovery of the Rural Landscape: Definition of a Masterplan for Alto Ferrarese (Italy)

The rural landscape can provide a wide range of cultural ecosystem services to humans through direct and in situ interactions. The benefits provided depend on the quality of the landscape, but also on the real possibility for people to access and enjoy it. One of the best ways is to do it in a “slow” way, namely active and non-motorized, through a soft mobility network. The goals of the study are: (i) to develop a methodology to plan a soft mobility network that enhances existing infrastructures and maximizes the cultural ecosystem services provided by rural landscapes; (ii) to validate the methodology in the Alto Ferrarese territory through defining a soft mobility masterplan at the supra-municipal scale. The method is made up of three phases: analysis, with the inventory of the resources to be connected and the paths that could potentially be used; assessment, with the evaluation of the suitability of the paths to realize the soft mobility network; and planning, with the definition of the masterplan for the study area. The application resulted in a proposed network of 525.2 km, hierarchized in a primary and a secondary network, and proved that the methodology is effective to maximize the use of existing paths (81% of the proposed network), and to connect the elements of interest (98.5% of the resources are within a distance of 500 m, and 86.4% within a distance of 100 m)