Tachyon kinks on non BPS D-branes

We consider solitonic solutions of the DBI tachyon effective action for a non-BPS brane. When wrapped on a circle, these solutions are regular and have a finite energy. We show that in the decompactified limit, these solitons give Sen's infinitely thin finite energy kink -- interpreted as a BPS brane -- provided that some conditions on the potential hold. In particular, if for large $T$ the potential is exponential, $V = e^{-T^a}$, then Sen's solution is only found for $a<1$. For power-law potentials $V = 1/T^b$, one must have $b>1$. If these conditions are not satisfied, we show that the lowest energy configuration is the unstable tachyon vacuum with no kinks. We examine the stability of the solitons and the spectrum of small perturbations.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

STRING STRING DUALITY CONJECTURE IN SIX DIMENSIONS AND CHARGED SOLITONIC STRINGS

It has recently been conjectured that the type IIA string theory compactified on K3 and the heterotic string theory compactified on a four dimensional torus describe identical string theories. The fundamental heterotic string can be regarded as a non-singular soliton solution of the type IIA string theory with a semi-infinite throat. We show that this solution admits 24 parameter non-singular deformation describing a fundamental heterotic string carrying electric charge and current. The charge is generated due to the coupling of the gauge fields to the anti-symmetric tensor field, and not to an explicit source term. This clarifies how soliton solutions carrying charge under the Ramond-Ramond fields can be constructed in the type IIA theory, and provides further support to the string string duality conjecture. Similarly, the fundamental type IIA string can be regarded as a non-singular solution of the heterotic string theory with a semi-infinite throat, but this solution does not admit any deformation representing charged string. This is also consistent with the expectation that a fundamental type IIA string does not carry any charge that couples to the fields originating in the Ramond-Ramond sector.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX fil

Open/Closed Duality, Unstable D-Branes, and Coarse-Grained Closed Strings

At the final stage of unstable D-brane decay in the effective field theory approach, all energy and momentum of the initial state are taken up by two types of fluids, known as string fluid and tachyon matter. In this note, we compare motion of this fluid system to that of macroscopic collection of stretched closed strings and find a precise match at classical level. The string fluid reflects low frequency undulation of the stretched strings while the tachyon matter encodes the average effect of high frequency oscillations turned on those strings. In particular, the combined fluid system has been known to have a reduced speed of light, depending on the composition, and we show that this property is exactly reproduced in classical motion on the closed string side. Finally we illustrate how the tachyon matter may be viewed as an effective degrees of freedom carrying high frequency energy-momentum of Nambu-Goto strings by coarse-graining the dynamics of the latter.Comment: LaTeX, 29 pages, 4 figure file

Benford's Law Detects Quantum Phase Transitions similarly as Earthquakes

A century ago, it was predicted that the first significant digit appearing in a data would be nonuniformly distributed, with the number one appearing with the highest frequency. This law goes by the name of Benford's law. It holds for data ranging from infectious disease cases to national greenhouse gas emissions. Quantum phase transitions are cooperative phenomena where qualitative changes occur in many-body systems at zero temperature. We show that the century-old Benford's law can detect quantum phase transitions, much like it detects earthquakes. Therefore, being certainly of very different physical origins, seismic activity and quantum cooperative phenomena may be detected by similar methods. The result has immediate implications in precise measurements in experiments in general, and for realizable quantum computers in particular. It shows that estimation of the first significant digit of measured physical observables is enough to detect the presence of quantum phase transitions in macroscopic systems.Comment: v1: 3 pages, 2 figures; v2: 6 (+epsilon) epl pages, 5 figures, significant additions, previous results unchange

Symmetries of Four-dimensional String Effective Action with Cosmological Constant

Classical solutions for a four-dimensional Minkowskian string effective action and an Euclidean one with cosmological constant term are derived. The former corresponds to electrovac solutions whereas the later solutions are identified as gravitational instanton solutions for Fubini-Study metric. The symmetries of the effective actions are identified and new classical solutions are generated by implementing appropriate noncompact transformations. The S-duality transformations on the equations of motion are discussed and it is found that they are S-duality noninvariant due to the presence of cosmological constant term.Comment: 13 pages, RevTex file, text is improved, no changes in the final results, also some references are added. (version to appear in Phys. Lett. B

Electric Tachyon Inflation

We propose that under certain conditions the universal open string tachyon can drive topological inflation in moduli stabilised frameworks. Namely, the presence of electric field in the world volume of the D-brane can slow down its decay leading to a phenomenological model of inflation. The conditions for inflation to take place are difficult to satisfy in the standard warped deformed conifold but easier to realise in other geometries.Comment: 8 pages; Contribution to the proceedings of the RTN workshop "Constituents, Fundamental Forces and Symmetries of the Universe", Corfu, Greece, 20-26 September 2005. v2: Typos corrected, reference adde

D-Brane Dynamics in Dp-Brane Background

By using Dirac-Born-Infeld action we study the real time dynamics of D-branes in the vicinity of a stack of Dp-branes where the role of the tachyon of the open string models is played by the radial mode on the D-branes. We examine the behaviour of the tachyon potential and study the hamiltonian formulation and classical solutions of such systems. We also study the homogeneous solutions of the classical equations of motion in these cases.Comment: 14 pages, minor modifications, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Ultrasonic Blind Stick for Completely Blind People to Avoid any Kind of Obstacles

The ability to live without being controlled by any action, judgment and any outside factors including any opinions and regulations is defined by the term Independent. But in reality physical movement for travelling or simply walking through a crowded street pose great challenge for a visually impaired person. Also they must learn every detail about the home environment such as placement of tables; chairs etc. to prevent injury. Because of this disability they have to sacrifice their independence in daily living by depending on the sighted people in every busy place like bus, footpaths, railway stations etc. This paper aims to design an artificial navigating system with adjustable sensitivity with the help of ultrasonic proximity sensor to assist these blind persons to walk fearlessly and independently in both indoor and outdoor environment. This system can detect any type of upcoming obstacles and potholes using the reflection properties of ultrasound. Attachment of the system to different body areas makes its utilization more versatile and reliable

Disorder-induced Effects in Noisy Dynamics of Bose-Hubbard and Fermi-Hubbard Quantum Glasses

We address the effects of quenched disorder averaging in the time-evolution of systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices in the presence of noise, imposed by of an environment. For bosonic systems governed by the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, we quantify the response of disorder in Hamiltonian parameters in terms of physical observables, including bipartite entanglement in the ground state and report the existence of disorder-induced enhancement in weakly interacting cases. For systems of two-species fermions described by the Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian, we find similar results. In both cases, our dynamical calculations show no appreciable change in the effects of disorder from that of the initial state of the evolution. We explain our findings in terms the statistics of the disorder in the parameters and the behaviour of the observables with the parameters