Studies Conducted With Students About Skin Cancer and Sun Protection: A Literature Review

Giriş: Deri kanseri dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artan insidansı ile dikkati çekmektedir. Deri kanserlerinin epidemiyolojisinde ultraviyole ışınları önemli rol oynar. Bu nedenle güneşten korunma önemlidir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, deri kanseri konusunda öğrencilerle ilgili yapılan araştırmaları sistematik bir şekilde incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini PubMed ve ScienceDirect, Türk Tıp Dizini, Google Akademik ve YÖK tez tarama veri tabanları kullanılarak 339 makale oluşturmuştur. İncelemede "skin cancer", "sunburn", "sun protection" anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, son 10 yılda yayınlanmış, yayın dili Türkçe ya da İngilizce olan ve tam metni bulunan makaleler seçilmiştir. Seçim ölçütlerine uyan 47 makale çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmaların üçünün anaokulu, 23'ünün ilköğretim, dördünün ilköğretim ve lise, dokuzunun lise ve sekizinin üniversite öğrencileri ile yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmaların 27'sinin tanımlayıcı, 15'inin deneysel, ikisinin yarı deneysel, ikisinin prospektif ve birinin retrospektif türde yapıldığı saptanmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda öğrencilerin deri kanseri konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları üzerinde; yaşın, eğitimin, sınıf düzeyinin, cinsiyetin, ailelerin ekonomik durumlarının ve bilgi düzeylerinin, ailesinde deri kanseri öyküsü bulunmasının, riskli deri/göz/saç rengi olanların, bu konuda eğitim alınmasının etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sağlık eğitim programları ile ailelerin, öğrencilerin bilinçlendirilmesi, erken yaşta eğitimlerin yapılması, okul müfredat programlarına konunun eklenmesi ve okulda fiziki şartların gözden geçirilmesinin yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Introduction: Skin cancer has been a research topic of interest due to its rapidly rising incidence in our country and in the world. Ultraviolet radiation plays an important role in the epidemiology of skin cancer. Therefore, sun protection is essential. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to examine the studies conducted with students about skin cancer in a systematic way. This descriptive type of research. Methods: The population of this descriptive type study consisted of 339 papers determined by using PubMed and ScienceDirect, the Turkish Medical Index, Google Scholar search tool and the Council of Higher Education thesis database. By using the keywords "skin cancer", "sunburn", "sun protection", the full-text papers published over the last 10 years in Turkish or English was chosen for the review. The sample included a total of 47 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Among the studies, three were conducted with nursery school students, 23 with primary school students, four with primary school and high school students, nine with high school students, and eight with college students. In addition, 27 studies were descriptive, 15 were experimental, two were quasi-experimental, two were prospective and one was retrospective. The reviewed studies found that age; education, grade level, gender, economic status and level of knowledge of families, presence of a family history of skin cancer, being at risk from skin/eye/hair color, and receiving education about this issue were effective in students' knowledge, attitude and behavior related to skin cancer. Conclusion: Raising awareness in parents and students through health education programs, offering education about the issue starting from an early age, covering the issue in school curricula, and reviewing physical conditions at school are thought to be useful

Evaluation of immunization status in patients with cerebral palsy: a multicenter CP-VACC study

Children with chronic neurological diseases, including cerebral palsy (CP), are especially susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections and face an increased risk of severe respiratory infections and decompensation of their disease. This study aims to examine age-appropriate immunization status and related factors in the CP population of our country. This cross-sectional prospective multicentered survey study included 18 pediatric neurology clinics around Turkey, wherein outpatient children with CP were included in the study. Data on patient and CP characteristics, concomitant disorders, vaccination status included in the National Immunization Program (NIP), administration, and influenza vaccine recommendation were collected at a single visit. A total of 1194 patients were enrolled. Regarding immunization records, the most frequently administrated and schedule completed vaccines were BCG (90.8%), hepatitis B (88.9%), and oral poliovirus vaccine (88.5%). MMR was administered to 77.3%, and DTaP-IPV-HiB was administered to 60.5% of patients. For the pneumococcal vaccines, 54.1% of children received PCV in the scope of the NIP, and 15.2% of children were not fully vaccinated for their age. The influenza vaccine was administered only to 3.4% of the patients at any time and was never recommended to 1122 parents (93.9%). In the patients with severe (grades 4 and 5) motor dysfunction, the frequency of incomplete/none vaccination of hepatitis B, BCG, DTaP-IPV-HiB, OPV, and MMR was statistically more common than mild to moderate (grades 1-3) motor dysfunction (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.00, and p < 0.001, respectively). Physicians' influenza vaccine recommendation was higher in the severe motor dysfunction group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Children with CP had lower immunization rates and incomplete immunization programs. Clinicians must ensure children with CP receive the same preventative health measures as healthy children, including vaccines