A Comparative Study on TF-IDF feature Weighting Method and its Analysis using Unstructured Dataset

Text Classification is the process of categorizing text into the relevant categories and its algorithms are at the core of many Natural Language Processing (NLP). Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and NLP are the most highly used information retrieval methods in text classification. We have investigated and analyzed the feature weighting method for text classification on unstructured data. The proposed model considered two features N-Grams and TF-IDF on the IMDB movie reviews and Amazon Alexa reviews dataset for sentiment analysis. Then we have used the state-of-the-art classifier to validate the method i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Multinomial Naive Bayes (Multinomial NB), Random Forest, Decision Tree, and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). From those two feature extractions, a significant increase in feature extraction with TF-IDF features rather than based on N-Gram. TF-IDF got the maximum accuracy (93.81%), precision (94.20%), recall (93.81%), and F1-score (91.99%) value in Random Forest classifier.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, COLINS-2021, 5th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Systems, April 22-23, 2021, Kharkiv, Ukrain

Identifying Essential Hub Genes and Protein Complexes in Malaria GO Data using Semantic Similarity Measures

Hub genes play an essential role in biological systems because of their interaction with other genes. A vocabulary used in bioinformatics called Gene Ontology (GO) describes how genes and proteins operate. This flexible ontology illustrates the operation of molecular, biological, and cellular processes (Pmol, Pbio, Pcel). There are various methodologies that can be analyzed to determine semantic similarity. Research in this study, we employ the jack-knife method by taking into account 4 well-liked Semantic similarity measures namely Jaccard similarity, Cosine similarity, Pairsewise document similarity, and Levenshtein distance. Based on these similarity values, the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of Malaria GO (Gene Ontology) data is built, which causes clusters of identical or related protein complexes (Px) to form. The hub nodes of the network are these necessary proteins. We use a variety of centrality measures to establish clusters of these networks in order to determine which node is the most important. The clusters' unique formation makes it simple to determine which class of Px they are allied to.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figure

Analyzing and Comparing Omicron Lineage Variants Protein-Protein Interaction Network using Centrality Measure

The Worldwide spread of the Omicron lineage variants has now been confirmed. It is crucial to understand the process of cellular life and to discover new drugs need to identify the important proteins in a protein interaction network (PPIN). PPINs are often represented by graphs in bioinformatics, which describe cell processes. There are some proteins that have significant influences on these tissues, and which play a crucial role in regulating them. The discovery of new drugs is aided by the study of significant proteins. These significant proteins can be found by reducing the graph and using graph analysis. Studies examining protein interactions in the Omicron lineage (B.1.1.529) and its variants (BA.5, BA.4, BA.3, BA.2, BA.1.1, BA.1) are not yet available. Studying Omicron has been intended to find a significant protein. 68 nodes represent 68 proteins and 52 edges represent the relationship among the protein in the network. A few entrality measures are computed namely page rank centrality (PRC), degree centrality (DC), closeness centrality (CC), and betweenness centrality (BC) together with node degree and Local Clustering Co-efficient (LCC). We also discover 18 network clusters using Markov clustering. 8 significant proteins (candidate gene of Omicron lineage variants) were detected among the 68 proteins, including AHSG, KCNK1, KCNQ1, MAPT, NR1H4, PSMC2, PTPN11 and, UBE21 which scored the highest among the Omicron proteins. It is found that in the variant of Omicron protein-protein interaction networks, the MAPT protein's impact is the most significant.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, SN Computer Scienc

A study of 150 cases of posterior circulation stroke.

Stroke is known to human race since antiquity. The seventh century great Indian physician, Charaka lucidly described the symptoms of stroke which he called `Pakshaghat` meaning hit one half of body. The other synonyms are ardhang or lakwa. According to Charaka, stroke affects either left or right side of body leading to impaired mobility and function of that half of body (hemiparesis) and difficulty in speaking which may be inability to talk at all (aphasia) or slurred speech (dysarthria). He had also identified head as the seat of vital organ, controlling the senses and nerve centers of the whole body. These meticulous observations of stroke symptoms are relevant even today. Stroke is one of the major causes of death disability and dependency among all the neurological disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines stroke as rapidly developing clinical symptoms and / or signs of focal, at times global loss of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. The global prevalence of stroke is estimated to be 5 to 8 /1000. Globally stroke incidence was also variable according to the ethnic differences in a common geographical location and ranged from 93 to 223/1,00,000 population. Epidemiology of stroke in India is difficult to study due to multiple factors. Nevertheless, many investigators have addressed this question in various regions of India, which may be considered representative of the whole population. The crude prevalence rate was 220/1,00,000(range : 44-843/1,00,000). The incidence rate of stroke in India was estimated to be 13/1,00,000 in a study done at Vellore on a population sample of 2,58,576 followed over two years, while another study conducted at Rohtak found the stroke incidence to be 33/1,00,000 (27/1,00,000 for first ever stroke). The stroke risk increases steeply as the age advances. In a study from Kashmir, prevalence rate of stroke was 41 per 1,00,000 population in the age range of 15-39 years, which increased to 1,075 per 1,00,000 for the age group of 50-59 years. The posterior circulation, unlike the intracranial portions of the anterior circulation, is prone to atherosclerosis as much as other systemic arteries. In the case of one vertebral artery being occluded, collateral flow comes from the opposite vertebral artery, from muscular cervical artery branches, and from posterior communicating artery. The intracranial branches of the vertebral artery and basilar artery were minutely studied and a syndrome was described for each prompting a cynic to remark the neurologic equivalent of Hall of Fame is a brainstem eponym. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the demographic profile and symptoms To study the risk factors To study the pattern of posterior circulation stroke To prognosticate the posterior circulation stroke based on clinical and radiological findings. CONCLUSION: All patients with brain ischemia deserve full evaluation of their brain for vascular lesions. With the advent of newer techniques, MRI with DW imaging, MRA, extra cranial and transcranial doppler studies it is possible to investigate the brain and stroke mechanisms quickly and noninvasively. Cardiac investigations are just as important in patients with posterior circulation ischemia, because a considerable number of posterior circulation infarcts are cardio embolic

A Study of Myocardial Infarction in Women

Coronary artery disease has been frequently viewed as a disease only of men. Carefully designed clinical trials in women with coronary artery disease have begun only since 1980. Now coronary artery disease has begun to be recognized as a leading cause of death in women. Risk factor of the disease and medical interventions have been studied thoroughly only in men. In women, use of oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, cultural and social roles, family pressure seem to act synergistically with the known coronary artery disease risk factors and also contribute to the sex differences of the disease. Age at presentation, less specific or subtle clinical manifestations, hence not reaching the tertiary care centre at the appropriate time, greater difficulties and bias in the clinical diagnosis, higher risks involved in angiography, angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft techniques, higher incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality are the major sex differences studied and analyzed. Once coronary artery disease develops women have no survival advantage over men, whatever be the age group. Ventricular septal rupture, free wall rupture, congestive cardiac failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, bleeding with thrombolytic therapy is some of the common problems faced in women. Late reference, smaller body size, fragile coronary blood vessels are some of the reasons attributed to high mortality and morbidity. In the present study conducted at CMC hospital from 1st Jan to 31st Dec 2005 it was found out that the Myocardial Infarction was higher in Postmenopausal women than Premenopausal women. The multiplicity of risk factors was higher in the Premenopausal women. Typical risk factors for male Myocardial Infarction like Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Hypercholesterolemia, Positive family history also prevailed in the females. Complication and mortality were on the higher side in the case of females. Hence, coronary artery disease needs to be addressed as a special and specific issue in women. There is great scope for further studies regarding therapeutic interventions in women

Effect of osmotic stress on in vitro plant growth hormone production by osmotolerant bacteria isolated from chilli phyto microbiome

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of osmotic stress on the plant growth hormone production by six osmotolerant plant growth promoting bacterial strains. These strains originated from the phytomicrobiome of chilli cultivated in the drought prone areas of Andhra Pradesh. They possessed multiple plant growth promotion traits including the ability to produce a variety of plant growth hormones. The effect of osmotic stress on the plant growth hormone production was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) under normal and in vitro osmotic stress conditions using 25% Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 8000. In general, it was observed that osmotic stress impacted the plant growth hormone production of the isolates, but nevertheless plant hormones were detected in all the bacterial strains. An exception to this was the cytokinin molecule zeatin riboside, which was produced at higher levels by five of the six bacterial isolates under osmotic stressed conditions

A study of 150 cases of posterior circulation stroke.

Stroke is known to human race since antiquity. The seventh century great Indian physician, Charaka lucidly described the symptoms of stroke which he called `Pakshaghat` meaning hit one half of body. The other synonyms are ardhang or lakwa. According to Charaka, stroke affects either left or right side of body leading to impaired mobility and function of that half of body (hemiparesis) and difficulty in speaking which may be inability to talk at all (aphasia) or slurred speech (dysarthria). He had also identified head as the seat of vital organ, controlling the senses and nerve centers of the whole body. These meticulous observations of stroke symptoms are relevant even today. Stroke is one of the major causes of death disability and dependency among all the neurological disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines stroke as rapidly developing clinical symptoms and / or signs of focal, at times global loss of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. The global prevalence of stroke is estimated to be 5 to 8 /1000. Globally stroke incidence was also variable according to the ethnic differences in a common geographical location and ranged from 93 to 223/1,00,000 population. Epidemiology of stroke in India is difficult to study due to multiple factors. Nevertheless, many investigators have addressed this question in various regions of India, which may be considered representative of the whole population. The crude prevalence rate was 220/1,00,000(range : 44-843/1,00,000). The incidence rate of stroke in India was estimated to be 13/1,00,000 in a study done at Vellore on a population sample of 2,58,576 followed over two years, while another study conducted at Rohtak found the stroke incidence to be 33/1,00,000 (27/1,00,000 for first ever stroke). The stroke risk increases steeply as the age advances. In a study from Kashmir, prevalence rate of stroke was 41 per 1,00,000 population in the age range of 15-39 years, which increased to 1,075 per 1,00,000 for the age group of 50-59 years. The posterior circulation, unlike the intracranial portions of the anterior circulation, is prone to atherosclerosis as much as other systemic arteries. In the case of one vertebral artery being occluded, collateral flow comes from the opposite vertebral artery, from muscular cervical artery branches, and from posterior communicating artery. The intracranial branches of the vertebral artery and basilar artery were minutely studied and a syndrome was described for each prompting a cynic to remark the neurologic equivalent of Hall of Fame is a brainstem eponym. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the demographic profile and symptoms To study the risk factors To study the pattern of posterior circulation stroke To prognosticate the posterior circulation stroke based on clinical and radiological findings. CONCLUSION: All patients with brain ischemia deserve full evaluation of their brain for vascular lesions. With the advent of newer techniques, MRI with DW imaging, MRA, extra cranial and transcranial doppler studies it is possible to investigate the brain and stroke mechanisms quickly and noninvasively. Cardiac investigations are just as important in patients with posterior circulation ischemia, because a considerable number of posterior circulation infarcts are cardio embolic

Dimensions of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Their Impact in Creating Brand Equity in the Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) Industry in Coimbatore City

Brand Equity plays a major role in the highly competitive Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in India. There are a variety of factors which affect the brand equity that a company commands in the market. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is an emerging concept in marketing wherein all the major promotional activities are used to create a synergic output and send across a clear and consistent message to the customers. This study aims to find out the impact of five major tools of IMC namely Advertising, Word of Mouth, Sales Promotion, Event Sponsorships and Public Relations which are most applicable in the QSR industry on the four major dimensions namely Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty which aid in creating Brand Equity.  The study was conducted by collecting data from a sample and analyzing the data using statistical tools to find any relationships between the above mentioned variables. The findings suggest that marketers should focus on building favorable opinion about the brand amongst customers and take care regarding the news published about the brand since it affects brand image. Moreover, it was also found out that making people aware about the brand and the perceived quality about the brand play the major role in creating brand equity more than other factors

Replication stress and chromatin context link ATM activation to a role in DNA replication

ATM-mediated signaling in response to DNA damage is a barrier to tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether replication stress could also contribute to ATM signaling. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DNA damage, ATM responds to replication stress in a hypoxia-induced heterochromatin-like context. In certain hypoxic conditions, replication stress occurs in the absence of detectable DNA damage. Hypoxia also induces H3K9me3, a histone modification associated with gene repression and heterochromatin. Hypoxia-induced replication stress together with increased H3K9me3 leads to ATM activation. Importantly, ATM prevents the accumulation of DNA damage in hypoxia. Most significantly, we describe a stress-specific role for ATM in maintaining DNA replication rates in a background of increased H3K9me3. Furthermore, the ATM-mediated response to oncogene-induced replication stress is enhanced in hypoxic conditions. Together, these data indicate that hypoxia plays a critical role in the activation of the DNA damage response, therefore contributing to this barrier to tumorigenesis

Reprinted Article “Factors Associated with Early Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis Access”

AbstractThe radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula remains the method of choice for haemodialysis access. In order to assess their suitability for fistula formation, the radial arteries and cephalic veins were examined preoperatively by ultrasound colour flow scanner in conjunction with a pulse-generated run-off system. Intraoperative blood flow was measured after construction of the fistulae. Post-operative follow-up was performed at various intervals to monitor the development of the fistulae. Radial artery and cephalic vein diameter less than 1.6 mm was associated with early fistula failure. The intraoperative fistula blood flow did not correlate with the outcome of the operation probably due to vessel spasm from manipulation. However, blood flow velocities measured non-invasively 1 day after the operation were significantly lower in fistulae that failed early compared with those that were adequate for haemodialysis. Most of the increase in fistula diameter and blood flow occur within the first 2 weeks of surgery