THE INFLUENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER OF WAR VETERANS ON THE MENTAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AND YOUNGER ADOLESCENTS

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a spectrum disorder whose symptoms show psychological, neurobiological dysregulation and poorer functionality of a person on the social plane. PTSD characteristics are symptoms from four clusters: symptoms of intrusiveness, avoidance, negative changes in cognition and mood and changes in excitability and reactivity. Traumatic experiences of war veterans can have an impact on the development of psychopathology in their children\u27s lives. The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder of war veterans is negatively manifested in a broader sense through secondary traumatization and is manifested differently in relation to the period of childhood and adolescence. The period of childhood and adolescence represents a delicate and dynamic period that requires adaptation and functionality in adulthood. The epidemiological studies so far indicate the link between the post-traumatic stress disorder of war veterans with the mental problems of their children

RESILIENCE BETWEEN SALUTOGENESIS AND PATHOGENESIS: AN IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN CREATIVE PERSONALIZED PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY

Resilience is a complex multidimensional psychobiological concept that researchers define differently depending on the context of their research and theoretical orientation. Resilience indicates the ability of a child or adolescent (person) to adequately deal with problems, to continue to improve, grow and develop, and to successfully adapt to a new situation, regardless of the threats and challenges that characterize the environment. Salutogenesis is a sociomedical concept that focuses on factors that support human health and feelings of satisfaction, rather than on factors that cause disease. Through the salutogenic model, through the sense of coherence as a basic concept and a central resource, through generalized and specific resources of resilience, a person manages to preserve his physical and mental health even in the most difficult life circumstances. Promoting salutogenesis and the search for health factors, not diseases, in the study of children and young people and the importance of the salutogenic health model in times of wars, economic crises, social change, major changes on the planet can be a significant goal of treatment

WORKSHOPS AS THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN THE WORK WITH TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN

Autori u radu iznose primjenu radionica kao terapijskih intervencija u proradi traumatskog događaja kod djece. Stvaranjem atmosfere povjerenja i omogućavanjem komunikacije kroz lutkarske kreacije, scenski izraz, muziku i crtež te igru kod djece se dolazi do traumatskog događaja, omogućava se prorada i uči kako se nositi s traumom i posljedicama traumatskog iskustva. U raduje analizirano 112 djece prognanika školskog uzrasta s politraumatskim iskustvima iz OŠ Podrinje u Mihatovićima, a koja su bila uključena u dvije ili više radionica z.o intenzivnog dvomjesečnog tretmana.In this paper authors present the application of therapeutic interventions aimed to alleviate trauma experience among children. The creation insofar atmosphere of trust and making possible the communication trough a puppet’s creations stage effect, music, drawing and play activities, it is possible to come to a traumatic experience among children, to work trough trauma and learn how to cope with trauma experience and its consequences. Experiences of 112 school age refugee children from school age from primary school “Podrinje ” in Mihatovići, who suffer from poly traumatic experiences, involved in two or more workshops during the intensive two-months treatment, have been analysed in this paper

Psychological Symptoms among Workers Employed in Companies Undergoing Privatization in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina

In Central and Eastern European countries, after abandoning communism, significant political, economic and social changes occurred, followed by the increase in income inequality and social disparity. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological symptoms and monthly income of employees in companies undergoing privatization. The study included 258 workers from seven companies undergoing privatization in the Tuzla Canton region. For the study purposes, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a general questionnaire with questions about socio-demographic characteristics, income, and workplace, were used. Monthly income of the majority of workers (207 or 80.2%) was below the monthly income in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Workers with salaries below the average salary for Bosnia and Herzegovina have pronounced somatization, anxiety, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility. The BSI scale yielded significant negative correlation between the level of monthly salary and the expression of psychological symptoms (r=–0.184, p=0.002) and between the level of family income and the expression of psychological symptoms (r=–0.123, p=0.024). Based on the study results, it was determined that socio-economic factors such as the level of salary and total family income and job insecurity, educational level, marital status and gender may be predictors of psychological symptoms

CREATIVE PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND EXPERIENCES FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Introduction: Paediatric psychopharmacology involves the application of psychotropic agents to the treatment of children and adolescents with mental disorders and gathered knowledge from child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), neurology, paediatrics and pharmacology. Defining elements of this discipline are: the metabolism of drugs is different in children than in adults (pharmacokinetics), the developing brain reacts specifically to the drug (pharmaco dynamics), and psychopathology itself is not differentiated yet. To make and overview of specifics in psychopharmacological use in CAP and emphasize some experiences from Bosnia and Herzegovina in that field. Methods: Through insight in current literature, we presented comprehensive findings and compare it with situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The most common conditions in which psycho pharmaceuticals are used in CAP were attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), depressive and bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and the treatment of early psychosis. Psycho pharmaceuticals were also used to treat agitated conditions in various causes. We made an overview of psycho pharmaceuticals use in Bosnia and Herzegovina CAP and emphasized the fact that psycho stimulants are not approved for the use yet, although they are mostly prescribed medicament in CAP over the world. That limits us in the effectiveness of the treatment in ADHD and put us in the situations to use other medicaments instead (anxiolytics, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers) which are not approved for that condition. Conclusion: The use of psycho pharmacotherapy in CAP is justified in cases where it is necessary to reduce the suffering of children and to improve their functionality at the time when cognitive, social and emotional advancement is most pronounced. Further research and clinical monitoring of efficacy and safety in the use of psycho pharmaceuticals in youngsters are necessary