Navigating diagnostic challenges: imaging strategies for herpes simplex encephalitis in resource limited settings: A case report

Encephalitis refers to the inflammatory condition affecting the brain parenchyma, leading to various neurological impairments. It can have various causes: infectious, postinfectious, and noninfectious origins. In this case, we present a 76-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with complaints of headache and behavioral changes. Initially, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan raised suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis and prompted the initiation of treatment. Subsequently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture confirmed the diagnosis. However, despite medical intervention, the patient's condition unexpectedly deteriorated, and he unfortunately passed away after spending 2 weeks in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Possible factors contributing to this outcome include delayed presentation to medical care, viral resistance, or the inherent nature of the infection itself, particularly in elderly patients