Jarzynski equality for the transitions between nonequilibrium steady states

Jarzynski equality [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 56}, 5018 (1997)] is found to be valid with slight modefication for the transitions between nonequilibrium stationary states, as well as the one between equilibrium states. Also numerical results confirm its validity. Its relevance for nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the operational formalism is discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, revte

Lithophile element characteristics of acapulcoite-lodranite.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月18日（金） 国立国語研究所 2階講

Molecular Chemical Engines: Pseudo-Static Processes and the Mechanism of Energy Transduction

We propose a simple theoretical model for a molecular chemical engine that catalyzes a chemical reaction and converts the free energy released by the reaction into mechanical work. Binding and unbinding processes of reactant and product molecules to and from the engine are explicitly taken into account. The work delivered by the engine is calculated analytically for infinitely slow (``pseudo-static'') processes, which can be reversible (quasi-static) or irreversible, controlled by an external agent. It is shown that the work larger than the maximum value limited by the second law of thermodynamics can be obtained in a single cycle of operation by chance, although the statistical average of the work never exceeds this limit and the maximum work is delivered if the process is reversible. The mechanism of the energy transductionis also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figues, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Steady State Thermodynamics of Langevin Systems

We study Langevin dynamics describing nonequilibirum steady states. Employing the phenomenological framework of steady state thermodynamics constructed by Oono and Paniconi [Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. {\bf130}, 29 (1998)], we find that the extended form of the second law which they proposed holds for transitions between steady states and that the Shannon entropy difference is related to the excess heat produced in an infinitely slow operation. A generalized version of the Jarzynski work relation plays an important role in our theory.Comment: 4 page

General properties of response functions of nonequilibrium steady states

We derive general properties, which hold for both quantum and classical systems, of response functions of nonequilibrium steady states. We clarify differences from those of equilibrium states. In particular, sum rules and asymptotic behaviors are derived, and their implications are discussed. Since almost no assumptions are made, our results are applicable to diverse physical systems. We also demonstrate our results by a molecular dynamics simulation of a many-body interacting system.Comment: After publication of this paper, several typos were found, which have been fixed in the erratum (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 80 (2011) 128001). All the corrections have been made in this updated arXive version. 13 pages with 3 figure

Exact results for nucleation-and-growth in one dimension

We study statistical properties of the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Johnson-Mehl nucleation-and-growth model in one dimension. We obtain exact results for the gap density as well as the island distribution. When all nucleation events occur simultaneously, the island distribution has discontinuous derivatives on the rays x_n(t)=nt, n=1,2,3... We introduce an accelerated growth mechanism where the velocity increases linearly with the island size. We solve for the inter-island gap density and show that the system reaches complete coverage in a finite time and that the near-critical behavior of the system is robust, i.e., it is insensitive to details such as the nucleation mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, revtex, also available from http://arnold.uchicago.edu/~ebn

Measurement of the π−\pi^- decay width of Λ5^5_\LambdaHe

We have precisely measured $\Lambda \to p\pi^-$ decay width of \5LHe and demonstrated significantly larger $\alpha$ -$\Lambda$ overlap than expected from the central repulsion $\alpha$-$\Lambda$ potential, which is derived from YNG \Lambda$-nucleon interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure