A model to facilitate a quest for emotional maturity of psychiatric nurses through capacity development in promoting their mental health

D.Cur.Lifecare, like any other corporate business, in the current environment, has to change all the time. Companies need new customers, innovative products, expanded market and cutting edge technologies. The Company has the potential to shape the behaviour, reinforce common beliefs, and encourage members to apply their efforts to accomplish important Company objectives of providing care for chronic mentally ill patients. The psychiatric nurses are therefore an essential requirement for the success of the Company in a competitive environment. On the other side, psychiatric nurses face the difficult task of confronting the challenges involved in the nature of care required among chronic psychiatric patients. Whilst striving for quality patient care, they find themselves faced with some breakdowns within the environment in which they are interacting, resulting in their resorting to negative media publicity. This type of publicity can lead to damaging the Company’s reputation and can retard the Company’s growth strategy, which the psychiatric nurses might not seem to understand. There was also high staff turnover which hampered quality patient care. This could also affect the Company in terms of what affects the competitiveness of the quality care which the Company aims to deliver. The researcher believes that for clinical care to take place, psychiatric nurses need to be in sound mental health and understand the dynamics within the Company in order to deal with it in an effective way. The following research questions posed were addressed in this research: • What are the psychiatric nurses’ experiences whilst being employed by the Company? • In what way can the formulation of the model be of assistance in the promotion of the psychiatric nurses’ mental health as an integral part of health? The research objectives were: • To explore and describe the experiences of the psychiatric nurses whilst employed by Lifecare.• To use the results to generate the concepts for the model that would serve as a framework for the psychiatric nursing specialist to facilitate the implementation of guidelines that would assist the psychiatric nurses to be in a sound mental state. • To describe the guidelines that would serve as a framework for operationalising the model in nursing education, psychiatric nursing practice and nursing research. Methods to ensure trustworthiness were ensured throughout this research. Ethical consideration as outlined in the Position Statements published by the Democratic Nursing Association of South Africa (1998: 2-21), was adopted. The researcher utilized the assumptions of the Theory for Health Promotion in Nursing in this research. This theory focuses on the whole person, that is, the mind, body and spirit as well as on the parameters of nursing and the beliefs about the person, health, illness and nursing. The emphasis in this theory is on mental health promotion of the psychiatric nurses within the Company. This research consisted of three stages as follows: In stage one a qualitative design was used to explore and describe the psychiatric nurses’ inner world experiences of the Company’s culture. Indepth semi-structured interviews were utilized to obtain data from these psychiatric nurses. These interviews were conducted by an independent interviewer, and were audio-taped. These were transcribed and were analysed by the researcher. Tesch (1990) in Cresswell (1994: 154) outlined eight steps, which are referred to as decontextualisation and contextualisation, which were adopted in analyzing the results. A description of the results was given. This was followed by literature control which highlighted the similarities to and contributions to this research. Themes that emerged highlighted the experiences that the psychiatric nurses had of the Company culture which affected their mental health. In stage two the research design and theory generation was employed to formulate a model which could be used in nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice. The model formulated was based on the resultsobtained on the inner world experiences of psychiatric nurses. A combination of stages of theory generation by Chinn and Kramer (1991:79-104) and Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968: 431-434) were employed by the researcher to identify the central concepts that guided the identification of the main theme. A tentative model was formulated and was submitted to the independent experts for consultations and clarification. The model was named and presented in its final form to the independent experts. In stage three the researcher formulated the guidelines for operationalising the implementation of the model in clinical practice, nursing education and recommendations were made for further research

The effectiveness of group therapy in the prevention of mental illness in youths exposed to stress

The present social and political conditions in the black West Rand townships have led to young people being vulnerable to mental illness. The said conditions include violence, unstable family life, grief, losing family members by violence, and unemployment. A combination of these issues predisposes the youth to developing unhealthy ways of coping with stress. This is seen when conditions such as post traumatic stress and other physical and psychological symptoms are present, which could lead to me ital illness. Such issues have made it clear that a support system is needed to assist the youth in coping with the demands of their reality. The aim of the study was to establish whether group therapy was more effective than life skills training in the promotion of mental health and the prevention of mental illness. This was a small preliminary comparative study in genr-ating meaning to the youth regarding the ways in which they handle stressful situations ?r,d to, alert them to the effect these have on them. A black township on the West Rand was targeted for this s» .;dy. A sample was randomly selected from youths residing in Kagiso township. Two groups of equal numbers were formed, i.e. the therapy group and l‘fe skill training group. The following research tools were used to evaluate the efficacy of two interventions administered to the groups: • Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale • Descriptive Evaluation The results showed that, although there was a marginal difference, Group Therapy was more effective in that feelings and behavioural aspects were addressed, whereas in Life Skills Training it was not. Further research is needed in other townships, so that such a programme can be utilised as a preventive mental health measure