Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности проявлений папилломавирусной инфекции на примере рака шейки матки и аногенитальных (венерических) бородавок

Background: Cervical cancer and genital warts (GWs) are some of the most common manifestations of human papillomavirus infection (HPV). These lesions cause significant damage to the reproductive health of the population, which leads to increased attention to the prevention of HPV infection among various population groups. Aims: To determine the clinical and epidemiological features of the HPV manifestations by the example of cervical cancer and genital warts. Methods: A retrospective analysis of anamnestic information of 115 women with an established diagnosis of cervical cancer and 177 patients with an established diagnosis of GWs was performed. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with diagnoses of GWs and cervical cancer were based on the development of outpatient admission cards and inpatient histories, as well as test data for HPV. Results: HPV 16 was the most common HPV type among patients with GWs and cervical cancer ― it was detected in 37.6% of cases. Also the most frequently encountered: HPV 6/18/11/31/51/52. In 43.2% cases of HPV detection, two or more types were detected at once, the most common combinations: HPV16 and HPV18, HPV6 and HPV16, HPV6 and HPV11. Analysis of the frequency of screening for cervical cancer and visits to the gynecologist for 5 years before establishing the diagnosis showed that among those who did not screen for cervical cancer, the risk of diagnosing stage IIIV was 5.2 times higher than among individuals who underwent cervical screening 2 years ago, or once a year for the last five years. Among patients with GWs who had 2 or more sexual partners for 1 year, 13.5% of patients regularly used barrier contraception methods (condoms) during sexual contact, not regularly ― 61.5%, did not use them at all ― 25.0%. Conclusions: Identifying the clinical and epidemiological features of HPV infection should contribute to the development of new and optimize existing prevention programs for a wide range of HPV-associated diseases.Обоснование. Рак шейки матки (РШМ) и аногенитальные (венерические) бородавки являются наиболее распространенными проявлениями папилломавирусной инфекции. Данные поражения наносят существенный ущерб репродуктивному здоровью населения, что обусловливает повышенное внимание к вопросам профилактики папилломавирусной инфекции среди различных групп населения. Цель исследования ― определение отдельных клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей папилломавирусной инфекции на примере рака шейки матки и аногенитальных (венерических) бородавок. Методы. Выполнено ретроспективное исследование; объектом исследования были пациенты с диагнозами РШМ и аногенитальных (венерических) бородавок, обратившиеся за медицинской помощью в период с 2015 по 2018 г. Данные получены с помощью сбора информации из медицинских карт стационарного больного (форма 003/у) и медицинских карт пациента, получающего медицинскую помощь в амбулаторных условиях (форма 025/у). Методы анализа и обработки материала ― аналитический и статистический. Результаты. В рамках исследования были проанализированы 292 карты пациентов, обратившихся за медицинской помощью. Наиболее часто ― в 37,6% случаев ― у пациентов с аногенитальными бородавками и РШМ при лабораторном обследовании выявлялся вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) 16-го типа. Также часто встречались ВПЧ 6/18/11/31/51/52. В 43,2% случаев определялись одновременно два и более типов ВПЧ, при этом наиболее частыми сочетаниями были ВПЧ16 и ВПЧ18, ВПЧ6 и ВПЧ16, ВПЧ6 и ВПЧ11. Проведенный анализ частоты скрининга на РШМ и посещения врача-гинеколога в течение 5 лет до установления диагноза показал, что среди лиц, не проходивших скрининг на РШМ, или прошедших его при обнаружении заболевания, риск выявления диагноза на IIIV стадии был в 5,2 раза выше, чем среди лиц, которые проходили цервикальный скрининг 2 года назад или 1 раз в год в течение последних 5 лет. Среди всех пациентов с аногенитальными бородавками, имевших по два и более половых партнера в течение 1 года, о регулярном использовании методов барьерной контрацепции (презервативов) при половом контакте сообщили 13,5%, о нерегулярном использовании ― 61,5%; 25,0% пациентов вообще не задумывались о методах предохранения. Заключение. Выявление клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей папилломавирусной инфекции должно способствовать разработке новых и оптимизации существующих профилактических программ в отношении широкого спектра ВПЧ-ассоциированных заболеваний

Systemic Essential Metal and Metalloid Levels in Patients with Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer

The objective of the present study is evaluation of serum and hair levels of essential metals and metalloids in women with benign breast disease and breast cancer in order to define similar and distinct patterns that may mediate the link between these pathologies. A total of 310 adult women aged 20–80 years old were enrolled in the present study. Of those, 103 patients had benign (fibrocystic) breast disease, 107 patients had breast cancer (stage II), and 100 women were healthy and with absence of breast pathology. Trace metal and metalloid levels in hair and serum were evaluated by inductively coupled argon plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data demonstrate that breast cancer patients were characterized by significantly higher hair Cr and V levels, as well as reduced Cu and Mn content as compared to both benign breast disease patients and controls. In contrast, serum Cu levels in women with breast cancer exceeded those in the controls and benign breast disease cases. Patients with both benign and malignant breast tumors were characterized by lower serum Mn levels as compared to the control values. Serum Cu/Zn and especially Cu/Mn were found to be significantly increased in cancer patients. Significantly reduced hair and serum Se levels were noted only in women with fibrocystic disease. Based on the analysis of two biosamples, it is proposed that malignant breast tumor development is associated with the reduction of systemic Mn and Zn levels, and a concomitant elevation of Cu concentrations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Genome-wide methylotyping resolves breast cancer epigenetic heterogeneity and suggests novel therapeutic perspectives

Aim: To provide a breast cancer (BC) methylotype classification by genome-wide CpG islands bisulfite DNA sequencing. Materials & methods: XmaI-reduced representation bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation sequencing method was used to profile DNA methylation of 110 BC samples and 6 normal breast samples. Intrinsic DNA methylation BC subtypes were elicited by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, and cluster-specific differentially methylated genes were identified. Results & conclusion: Overall, six distinct BC methylotypes were identified. BC cell lines constitute a separate group extremely highly methylated at the CpG islands. In turn, primary BC samples segregate into two major subtypes, highly and moderately methylated. Highly and moderately methylated superclusters, each incorporate three distinct epigenomic BC clusters with specific features, suggesting novel perspectives for personalized therapy. © 2019 Alexander Tanas et al